OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of a multicomponent physical exercise program on cognitive and affective functioning among nursing home residents and to clarify whether there are any changes in serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) among participants. STUDY DESIGN This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial in ten nursing homes in Gipuzkoa, Spain. The study included 112 men and women. Participants in the control group engaged in routine activities while those in the intervention group participated in a six-month individualized, progressive, multicomponent physical exercise program focused on strength, balance, and walking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive and affective functions were assessed at baseline and at six months. Serum BDNF levels were assessed via ELISA. RESULTS After six months, a group by time interaction in favor of the intervention group was observed on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), symbol search and De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale (P < 0.05). The control group scored more poorly on the MOCA, WAIS-IV (coding and symbol search), verbal fluency, and semantic fluency tests after six months (P < 0.05) than they did at baseline. The intervention group showed poorer results on the coding test (P < 0.05). Loneliness perception was reduced in the intervention group (P < 0.05). No changes in serum BDNF were observed (group x time and within groups, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION A six-month individualized, progressive, multicomponent physical exercise intervention is effective at maintaining cognitive function and decreasing perceptions of loneliness among nursing home residents. Blood levels of BDNF were not affected by the intervention.

中文翻译：

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体育锻炼对养老院居民认知和情感功能及血清脑源性神经营养因子水平的影响：一项随机对照试验

目的 确定多组分体育锻炼计划对疗养院居民认知和情感功能的影响，并阐明参与者的脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 的血清水平是否有任何变化。研究设计 这是一项在西班牙吉普斯夸省 10 家疗养院进行的单盲随机对照试验。该研究包括 112 名男性和女性。对照组的参与者参加日常活动，而干预组的参与者则参加为期六个月的个性化、渐进式、多组分体育锻炼计划，重点是力量、平衡和步行。主要结果测量在基线和六个月时评估认知和情感功能。通过ELISA评估血清BDNF水平。结果六个月后，在蒙特利尔认知评估 (MOCA)、符号搜索和 De Jong-Gierveld 孤独量表上观察到有利于干预组的按时间分组的交互作用 (P < 0.05)。六个月后，对照组在 MOCA、WAIS-IV（编码和符号搜索）、语言流畅性和语义流畅性测试中的得分低于基线（P < 0.05）。干预组的编码测试结果较差（P < 0.05）。干预组的孤独感降低（P < 0.05）。未观察到血清BDNF的变化（组x时间和组内，P> 0.05）。结论 为期六个月的个性化、渐进式、多组分体育锻炼干预可有效维持养老院居民的认知功能和减少孤独感。