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Acyl-ghrelin is Permissive for the Normal Counterregulatory Response to Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia
Diabetes ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-04 , DOI: 10.2337/db19-0438
Kripa Shankar 1 , Deepali Gupta 1 , Bharath K Mani 1 , Brianna G Findley 1 , Caleb C Lord 1 , Sherri Osborne-Lawrence 1 , Nathan P Metzger 1 , Claudio Pietra 2 , Chen Liu 1, 3 , Eric D Berglund 4 , Jeffrey M Zigman 4, 5, 6
Affiliation  

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia leads to far-ranging negative consequences in patients with diabetes. Components of the counterregulatory response (CRR) system that help minimize and reverse hypoglycemia and coordination between those components are well studied but not yet fully characterized. Here, we tested the hypothesis that acyl-ghrelin, a hormone that defends against hypoglycemia in a preclinical starvation model, is permissive for the normal CRR to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Ghrelin knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates underwent an insulin bolus-induced hypoglycemia test and a low-dose hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp procedure. Clamps also were performed in ghrelin-KO mice and C57BL/6N mice administered the growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonist HM01 or vehicle. Results show that hypoglycemia, as induced by an insulin bolus, was more pronounced and prolonged in ghrelin-KO mice, supporting previous studies suggesting increased insulin sensitivity upon ghrelin deletion. Furthermore, during hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamps, ghrelin-KO mice required a 10-fold higher glucose infusion rate (GIR) and exhibited less robust corticosterone and growth hormone responses. Conversely, HM01 administration, which reduced the GIR required by ghrelin-KO mice during the clamps, increased plasma corticosterone and growth hormone. Thus, our data suggest that endogenously produced acyl-ghrelin not only influences insulin sensitivity but also is permissive for the normal CRR to insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

中文翻译:

酰基-生长素释放肽允许对胰岛素诱导的低血糖的正常反调节反应

胰岛素诱导的低血糖会对糖尿病患者产生广泛的负面影响。有助于最小化和逆转低血糖的反调节反应 (CRR) 系统的组件以及这些组件之间的协调已得到充分研究,但尚未完全表征。在这里,我们测试了以下假设:酰基-生长素释放肽是一种在临床前饥饿模型中防御低血糖的激素,允许正常 CRR 对胰岛素诱导的低血糖。Ghrelin 敲除 (KO) 小鼠和野生型 (WT) 同窝仔鼠接受了胰岛素推注诱导的低血糖试验和低剂量高胰岛素-低血糖钳夹手术。还在给予生长激素促分泌素受体激动剂 HM01 或载体的 ghrelin-KO 小鼠和 C57BL/6N 小鼠中进行钳夹。结果表明,低血糖,由胰岛素推注诱导,在 ghrelin-KO 小鼠中更加明显和延长,支持先前的研究表明在 ghrelin 缺失后胰岛素敏感性增加。此外,在高胰岛素-低血糖钳夹期间,ghrelin-KO 小鼠需要高 10 倍的葡萄糖输注率 (GIR),并且表现出不那么强烈的皮质酮和生长激素反应。相反,HM01 给药降低了 ghrelin-KO 小鼠在钳夹期间所需的 GIR,增加了血浆皮质酮和生长激素。因此,我们的数据表明,内源性产生的酰基-生长素释放肽不仅影响胰岛素敏感性,而且允许正常 CRR 对胰岛素诱导的低血糖。支持先前的研究表明在胃饥饿素缺失后胰岛素敏感性增加。此外,在高胰岛素-低血糖钳夹期间,ghrelin-KO 小鼠需要高 10 倍的葡萄糖输注率 (GIR),并且表现出不那么强烈的皮质酮和生长激素反应。相反,HM01 给药降低了 ghrelin-KO 小鼠在钳夹期间所需的 GIR,增加了血浆皮质酮和生长激素。因此,我们的数据表明,内源性产生的酰基-生长素释放肽不仅影响胰岛素敏感性,而且允许正常 CRR 对胰岛素诱导的低血糖。支持先前的研究表明在胃饥饿素缺失后胰岛素敏感性增加。此外,在高胰岛素-低血糖钳夹期间,ghrelin-KO 小鼠需要高 10 倍的葡萄糖输注率 (GIR),并且表现出不那么强烈的皮质酮和生长激素反应。相反,HM01 给药降低了 ghrelin-KO 小鼠在钳夹期间所需的 GIR,增加了血浆皮质酮和生长激素。因此,我们的数据表明,内源性产生的酰基-生长素释放肽不仅影响胰岛素敏感性,而且允许正常 CRR 对胰岛素诱导的低血糖。这减少了在钳夹期间ghrelin-KO小鼠所需的GIR,增加了血浆皮质酮和生长激素。因此,我们的数据表明,内源性产生的酰基-生长素释放肽不仅影响胰岛素敏感性,而且允许正常 CRR 对胰岛素诱导的低血糖。这减少了在钳夹期间ghrelin-KO小鼠所需的GIR,增加了血浆皮质酮和生长激素。因此,我们的数据表明,内源性产生的酰基-生长素释放肽不仅影响胰岛素敏感性,而且允许正常 CRR 对胰岛素诱导的低血糖。
更新日期:2019-11-04
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