Glucocorticoid (GC) signaling varies among individuals, and this variation may relate to individual differences in health outcomes. To determine if and which aspects of signaling (basal, circadian, integrative, or reactivity) are associated with specific health outcomes, we reviewed recent studies that relate GCs to health outcomes. We identified papers through PubMed and reviewed 100 original research articles related to mental health, cardiovascular health, cancer, diabetes, obesity, pulmonary health, sleep, and fitness. Many studies reported elevated GC secretion associated with worse health, but this was only particularly true for integrative GC measures. On the other hand, accentuated cortisol awakening response and a steeper circadian rhythm were both associated with positive health outcomes. Overall, relationships between GC secretion and health outcomes were relatively weak. This systematic review of relationships between GC metrics and health outcomes highlights the importance of careful consideration when selecting methods to measure GC regulation in health research.

中文翻译：

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糖皮质激素调节的个体差异：它与疾病风险和恢复力有关吗？

糖皮质激素 (GC) 信号因人而异，这种差异可能与健康结果的个体差异有关。为了确定信号传导（基础、昼夜节律、综合或反应性）是否以及哪些方面与特定的健康结果相关，我们回顾了最近将 GC 与健康结果相关联的研究。我们通过 PubMed 筛选论文，并审查了 100 篇与心理健康、心血管健康、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖症、肺部健康、睡眠和健身相关的原创研究文章。许多研究报告说，GC 分泌升高与健康状况恶化有关，但这仅适用于综合 GC 措施。另一方面，增强的皮质醇觉醒反应和更陡峭的昼夜节律都与积极的健康结果相关。全面的，GC 分泌与健康结果之间的关系相对较弱。这篇对 GC 指标与健康结果之间关系的系统回顾强调了在健康研究中选择测量 GC 调节方法时仔细考虑的重要性。