Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is the fundamental process through which one cell divides into two cells with different fates. In animals, it is crucial for the generation of cell-type diversity and for stem cells, which use ACD both to self-renew and produce one differentiating daughter cell. One of the most prominent model systems of ACD, Drosophila neuroblasts, relies on the PAR complex, a conserved set of proteins governing cell polarity in animals. Here, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that control the orientation of the neuroblast polarity axis, how the PAR complex is positioned, and how its activity may regulate division orientation and cell fate determinant localization and discuss how important findings about the composition polarity complexes in other models may apply to neuroblasts.

中文翻译：

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不对称来自何处？说明果蝇成神经细胞中极性和不对称建立的原理。

不对称细胞分裂（ACD）是一个基本过程，将一个细胞分为两个命运不同的细胞。在动物中，这对于细胞类型多样性的产生和干细胞至关重要，干细胞使用ACD进行自我更新并产生一个分化的子细胞。果蝇成神经细胞是ACD最杰出的模型系统之一，它依赖于PAR复合物，PAR复合物是控制动物细胞极性的一组保守蛋白质。在这里，我们关注于控制神经母细胞极性轴方向的机制，PAR复合物的位置及其活性如何调节分裂方向和细胞命运决定因素定位的机制的最新进展，并讨论了关于神经元的重要发现。其他模型中的成分极性复合物可能适用于成神经细胞。