Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Dopant‐Free Crystalline Spiro‐OMeTAD Layers by Vacuum Sublimation,Advanced Energy Materials

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Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Dopant‐Free Crystalline Spiro‐OMeTAD Layers by Vacuum Sublimation
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-04 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201901524
Angel Barranco ₁ , Maria C. Lopez‐Santos _{1,

2} , Jesus Idigoras ₃ , Francisco J. Aparicio ₁ , Jose Obrero‐Perez ₁ , Victor Lopez‐Flores ₁ , Lidia Contreras‐Bernal ₃ , Victor Rico ₁ , Javier Ferrer ₄ , Juan P. Espinos ₁ , Ana Borras ₁ , Juan A. Anta ₃ , Juan R. Sanchez‐Valencia _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The main handicap still hindering the eventual exploitation of organometal halide perovskite‐based solar cells is their poor stability under prolonged illumination, ambient conditions, and increased temperatures. This article shows for the first time the vacuum processing of the most widely used solid‐state hole conductor (SSHC), i.e., the Spiro‐OMeTAD [2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis (N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine) 9,9′‐spirobifluorene], and how its dopant‐free crystalline formation unprecedently improves perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability under continuous illumination by about two orders of magnitude with respect to the solution‐processed reference and after annealing in air up to 200 °C. It is demonstrated that the control over the temperature of the samples during the vacuum deposition enhances the crystallinity of the SSHC, obtaining a preferential orientation along the π–π stacking direction. These results may represent a milestone toward the full vacuum processing of hybrid organic halide PSCs as well as light‐emitting diodes, with promising impacts on the development of durable devices. The microstructure, purity, and crystallinity of the vacuum sublimated Spiro‐OMeTAD layers are fully elucidated by applying an unparalleled set of complementary characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.

中文翻译：

通过真空升华结合无掺杂晶体Spiro-OMeTAD层的钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性增强

仍然阻碍最终开发基于钙钛矿的有机金属卤化物的太阳能电池的主要障碍是其在长时间照明，环境条件和温度升高下的稳定性差。本文示出了用于第一次使用最广泛的固态孔导体（SSHC），即，螺环-OMeTAD [2,2'，7,7'-四（的真空处理Ñ，Ñ -二p[-甲氧基苯基胺]，9,9'-螺二芴]以及其无掺杂剂的结晶形成如何相对于固溶处理参比和退火后，在连续照明下将钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）稳定性提高约两个数量级。在高达200°C的空气中。结果表明，在真空沉积过程中对样品温度的控制可以提高SSHC的结晶度，从而获得沿π-π堆积方向的优先取向。这些结果可能代表着对混合有机卤化物PSC和发光二极管进行全真空处理的一个里程碑，这对耐用设备的发展产生了可喜的影响。微观结构，纯度，

更新日期：2020-01-14

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