Graphene, owing to its inherent chemical inertness, biocompatibility, and mechanical flexibility, has great potential in guiding cell behaviors such as adhesion and differentiation. However, due to the two-dimensional (2D) nature of graphene, the microfabrication of graphene into micro/nanoscale patterns has been widely adopted for guiding cellular assembly. In this study, we report crumpled graphene, i.e., monolithically defined graphene with a nanoscale wavy surface texture, as a tissue engineering platform that can efficiently promote aligned C2C12 mouse myoblast cell differentiation. We imparted out-of-plane, nanoscale crumpled morphologies to flat graphene via compressive strain-induced deformation. When C2C12 mouse myoblast cells were seeded on the uniaxially crumpled graphene, not only were the alignment and elongation promoted at a single-cell level but also the differentiation and maturation of myotubes were enhanced compared to that on flat graphene. These results demonstrate the utility of the crumpled graphene platform for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for skeletal muscle tissues.

石墨烯由于其固有的化学惰性、生物相容性和机械柔韧性，在指导细胞行为如粘附和分化方面具有巨大潜力。然而，由于石墨烯的二维 (2D) 性质，石墨烯微细加工成微/纳米级图案已被广泛用于指导细胞组装。在这项研究中，我们报告了皱巴巴的石墨烯，即具有纳米级波浪形表面纹理的整体定义的石墨烯，作为一种组织工程平台，可以有效地促进对齐的 C2C12 小鼠成肌细胞分化。我们通过压缩应变引起的变形赋予平面石墨烯平面外、纳米级皱缩的形态。当将 C2C12 小鼠成肌细胞接种在单轴皱缩的石墨烯上时，与平面石墨烯相比，不仅在单细胞水平上促进了排列和伸长，而且肌管的分化和成熟也得到了增强。这些结果证明了皱巴巴的石墨烯平台在骨骼肌组织的组织工程和再生医学中的实用性。