Abstract As part of a project concerning conservation of some ancient Egyptian relics excavated from Saqqara, a foot case cartonnage, which could be dated to the Late Period (712-332 B.C.), was investigated. The structure of the cartonnage, along with substrates, ground layers, pigments and paint binders were revealed using multi-analytical techniques. Optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of elements (ESEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) were used in this study. The structure of the cartonnage is found to consist of five distinctive layers, from the bottom up; two calcite-based plaster layers which are separated by double linen layers and covered with a polychrome paint layer. The study of the paint layer revealed the presence of three different red shades (light, brilliant, and dark) which consist of a mixture of red ochre and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), cinnabar (α-HgS), and red ochre respectively. Two blue shades were also detected of which the darker consists of Egyptian blue [Cuprorivaite (CaCuSi4O10)] while the lighter contains Egyptian blue admixed with gypsum and calcite (CaCO3). Orpiment (As2S3) and yellow ochre (FeOOH) were used to obtain the yellow paint while same pigments in addition to pararealgar (As4S4), calcite and gypsum were used as the beige paint. The pigment palette used was quite complex and is typical of those encountered in the late and Graeco-Roman periods. The only exception is the addition of the yellow pigment pararealgar in the beige paint, which is considered a novelty in cartonnage industry. A proteinaceous binding medium, namely animal glue, was found to be used in both the plaster and the paint layers.

中文翻译：

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使用拉曼、ESEM-EDS、XRD 和 FTIR 对古埃及足盒纸箱进行综合研究

摘要 作为保护从 Saqqara 出土的一些古埃及遗迹的项目的一部分，调查了一个可以追溯到晚期（公元前 712-332 年）的足盒纸箱。使用多分析技术揭示了纸箱的结构，以及基材、底层、颜料和油漆粘合剂。光学显微镜 (OM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、拉曼光谱、具有元素能量色散 X 射线分析的环境扫描电子显微镜 (ESEM-EDS) 和傅里叶变换红外光谱结合衰减全反射 (FTIR-ATR) ) 用于本研究。发现纸箱的结构由五个不同的层组成，从下到上；两层方解石石膏层，由双层亚麻布层隔开，并覆盖有彩色油漆层。对油漆层的研究表明存在三种不同的红色色调（浅色、明亮色和深色），它们分别由赭石和石膏 (CaSO4.2H2O)、朱砂 (α-HgS) 和赭石的混合物组成。还检测到两种蓝色色调，其中较深的由埃及蓝 [Cuprorivaite (CaCuSi4O10)] 组成，而较浅的则包含混合有石膏和方解石 (CaCO3) 的埃及蓝。使用雌二醇 (As2S3) 和赭石 (FeOOH) 获得黄色涂料，而除副雄黄 (As4S4)、方解石和石膏外，还使用相同的颜料作为米色涂料。使用的颜料调色板非常复杂，是晚期和希腊罗马时期遇到的典型调色板。唯一的例外是在米色涂料中添加了黄色颜料副雄黄，这被认为是纸箱行业的新奇事物。发现在石膏和油漆层中都使用了蛋白质粘合介质，即动物胶。