The high failure rates of clinical trials in neurodegeneration, perhaps most apparent in recent high-profile failures of potential Alzheimer's disease therapies, have partially motivated the development of improved human cell-based models to bridge the gap between well-plate assays and preclinical efficacy studies in mice. Recently, cerebral organoids derived from stem cells have gained significant traction as 3D models of central nervous system (CNS) regions. Although this technology is promising, several limitations still exist; most notably, improper structural organization of neural cells and a lack of functional glia and vasculature. Here, we provide an overview of the cerebral organoid field and speculate how engineering strategies, including biomaterial fabrication and templating, might be used to overcome existing challenges.

中文翻译：

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器官型神经血管模型：过去的结果和未来的方向。

神经退行性疾病临床试验的高失败率，可能是最近在潜在的阿尔茨海默氏病疗法中备受瞩目的失败中最明显的部分，这部分地推动了改进的基于人细胞的模型的开发，以弥补孔板测定法和临床前功效研究之间的差距在小鼠中。近来，作为中枢神经系统（CNS）区域的3D模型，源自干细胞的类脑器官已获得了广泛的关注。尽管这项技术很有前途，但仍然存在一些局限性。最值得注意的是，神经细胞的结构组织不当，缺乏功能性神经胶质和脉管系统。在这里，我们提供了大脑类器官领域的概述，并推测了如何使用工程策略（包括生物材料制造和模板制作）来克服现有挑战。