A community of commensal microbes, known as the intestinal microbiota, resides within the gastrointestinal tract of animals and plays a role in maintenance of host metabolic homeostasis and resistance to pathogen invasion. Enteroendocrine cells, which are relatively rare in the intestinal epithelium, have evolved to sense and respond to these commensal microbes. Specifically, they express G-protein-coupled receptors and functional innate immune signaling pathways that recognize products of microbial metabolism and microbe-associated molecular patterns, respectively. Here we review recent evidence from Drosophila melanogaster that microbial cues recruit antimicrobial, mechanical, and metabolic branches of the enteroendocrine innate immune system and argue that this response may play a role not only in maintaining host metabolic homeostasis but also in intestinal resistance to invasion by bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens.

中文翻译：

---

通过肠内分泌细胞先天免疫信号对肠道稳态的微生物控制。

共生微生物群落，称为肠道菌群，位于动物的胃肠道内，在维持宿主代谢稳态和抵抗病原体入侵方面发挥作用。肠内分泌细胞在肠道上皮中相对较少，已经进化为可感知并响应这些共生微生物。具体而言，它们表达G蛋白偶联受体和功能性先天性免疫信号通路，分别识别微生物代谢产物和与微生物相关的分子模式。在这里，我们回顾了果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）的最新证据，即微生物提示募集了抗菌剂，机械剂，