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Association of Canada’s Provincial Bans on Electronic Cigarette Sales to Minors With Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youths
JAMA Pediatrics ( IF 24.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-06 , DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3912
Hai V Nguyen 1
Affiliation  

Importance Banning electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) sales to minors has been a key policy to protect children from e-cigarettes in the United States and Canada, but to date little is known about the outcome of such a ban. Objectives To investigate the association of banning e-cigarette sales to minors in Canada with e-cigarette use among youths and the mechanisms through which a ban might be associated with their e-cigarette use. Design, Setting, and Participants This quasi-experimental difference-in-differences and triple-differences study used data from the nationally representative Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (2013-2017) and Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (2014-2017). Study samples consisted of respondents aged 15 to 18 years (in difference-in-differences analysis; n = 8212) and aged 15 to 25 years (in triple-differences analysis; n = 20 934) in the Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey, and students in grades 6 to 12 (in difference-in-differences analysis; n = 78 650) in the Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey. Interventions Canada's provincial bans on e-cigarette sales to youths younger than 18 or 19 years (depending on province) implemented between 2015 and 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was past 30-day e-cigarette use among youths. Secondary outcomes were difficulty of access to e-cigarettes, perception of e-cigarette harm, and use of social sources of e-cigarettes. Results After the bans, e-cigarette use among youths increased in all provinces, but the increase was 3.1 percentage points (95% CI, 0.2-6.0; P = .04), or 79%, lower in provinces with a ban than in provinces without a ban. Youths in provinces with a ban were 2.6 percentage points (95% CI, 1.5-3.7; P = .001), or 18%, less likely to believe that regular e-cigarette use poses no harm and 6.2 percentage points (95% CI, 1.1-11.4; P = .02), or 16%, more likely to self-report greater difficulty in obtaining e-cigarettes. Among youths who reported using e-cigarettes, the likelihood of obtaining e-cigarettes from social sources was 17.3 percentage points (95% CI, 5.2 -29.4; P = .01), or 29%, higher in provinces with a ban. These findings were robust to several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions and Relevance Banning e-cigarette sales to minors was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of increase in e-cigarette use by youths, but this policy alone could not reverse the overall increase in e-cigarette use. The findings from this study suggest that this policy should be supplemented with other measures that can reduce young people's desire to obtain e-cigarettes through social sources, such as a ban on e-cigarettes with flavors that appeal to youths and children.

中文翻译:

加拿大省级协会禁止向青少年使用电子烟的未成年人销售电子烟

重要性 禁止向未成年人销售电子烟一直是美国和加拿大保护儿童免受电子烟侵害的一项关键政策,但迄今为止,人们对此类禁令的结果知之甚少。目的 调查加拿大禁止向未成年人销售电子烟与青少年使用电子烟的关联,以及禁令可能与他们使用电子烟相关的机制。设计、设置和参与者这项准实验性差异和三重差异研究使用了来自全国代表性的加拿大烟草、酒精和毒品调查(2013-2017)和加拿大学生烟草、酒精和毒品调查(2014- 2017)。研究样本由 15 至 18 岁的受访者组成(在差异分析中;n = 8212)和 15 至 25 岁(在三重差异分析中;n = 20 934)在加拿大烟草、酒精和毒品调查中,以及 6 至 12 年级的学生(在差异分析中;n = 78 650)在加拿大学生烟草、酒精和毒品调查中。干预措施 加拿大省级禁止向 18 岁或 19 岁以下青少年(视省份而定)销售电子烟的禁令于 2015 年至 2017 年实施。 主要结果和措施 主要结果是青少年过去 30 天使用电子烟的情况。次要结果是难以获得电子烟、对电子烟危害的看法以及电子烟社会资源的使用。结果 禁令实施后,各省青少年电子烟使用量均有所增加,但增幅为 3.1 个百分点(95% CI,0.2-6.0;P = .04),即 79%,有禁令的省份低于没有禁令的省份。禁止使用电子烟省份的年轻人有 2.6 个百分点(95% CI,1.5-3.7;P = .001),即 18%,不太可能相信经常使用电子烟不会造成伤害,6.2 个百分点(95% CI) , 1.1-11.4; P = .02),或 16%,更有可能自我报告更难获得电子烟。在报告使用电子烟的青少年中,从社会来源获得电子烟的可能性为 17.3 个百分点(95% CI,5.2 -29.4;P = .01),或 29%,在禁烟省份更高。这些发现对几项敏感性分析都是稳健的。结论和相关性 禁止向未成年人销售电子烟与青少年使用电子烟的增长率显着降低有关,但仅凭这一政策并不能扭转电子烟使用量的整体增长。这项研究的结果表明,这项政策应该辅以其他可以减少年轻人通过社会渠道获取电子烟的愿望的措施,例如禁止使用对年轻人和儿童有吸引力的口味的电子烟。
更新日期:2020-01-06
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