BACKGROUND AND AIM Environmental lead (Pb) exposure damages the lungs and is a risk factor for death from cardiovascular disease. Pb induces toxicity by a mechanism, which involves alteration of the essential elements homeostasis. In this study we compare the effects of salinomycin (Sal), monensin (Mon) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on the concentrations of lead (Pb), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in the lungs and heart of lead-exposed mice. METHODS Sixty days old male ICR mice were divided into five groups: control (Ctrl) - untreated mice obtained distilled water for 28 days; Pb-intoxicated group (Pb) - exposed to 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) Pb(NO3)2 during the first 14 days of the experimental protocol; DMSA-treated (Pb + DMSA) - Pb-exposed mice, subjected to treatment with an average daily dose of 20 mg/kg BW DMSA for two weeks; Monensin-treated (Pb + Mon) - Pb-exposed mice, obtained an average daily dose of 20 mg/kg BW tetraethylammonium salt of monensic acid for 14 days; Pb + Sal - Pb-exposed mice, treated with an average daily dose of 20 mg/kg BW tetraethylammonium salt of salinomycinic acid for two weeks. On the 29th day of the experiment the samples (lungs and heart) were taken for atomic absorption analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that exposure of mice to Pb for 14 days significantly increased the concentration of the toxic metal in both organs and elevated the cardiac concentrations of Ca, Cu and Fe compared to untreated mice. Pb exposure diminished the lung concentrations of Ca and Zn compared to that of untreated controls. DMSA, monensin and salinomycin decreased the concentration of Pb in the lungs and heart. Among the tested chelating agents, only salinomycin restored the cardiac Fe concentration to normal control values. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated the potential application of polyether ionophorous antibiotic salinomycin as antidote for treatment of Pb-induced toxicity in the lungs and heart. The possible complexation of the polyether ionophorous antibiotics with Ca(II) and Zn(II), which can diminish the endogenous concentrations of both ions in the lungs should be taken into account.

中文翻译：

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沙利霉素，莫能菌素和内消旋2,3-二巯基琥珀酸对铅暴露小鼠肺和心脏中铅，钙，铜，铁和锌浓度的影响的比较研究。

背景与目的环境铅（Pb）暴露会损害肺部，并且是导致心血管疾病死亡的危险因素。铅通过一种机制引起毒性，该机制涉及体内基本要素稳态的改变。在这项研究中，我们比较了沙利霉素（Sal），莫能菌素（Mon）和meso-2,3-二巯基琥珀酸（DMSA）对铅（Pb），钙（Ca），铜（Cu），铁（ （Fe）和锌（Zn）在暴露于铅的小鼠的肺和心脏中。方法将60天大的雄性ICR小鼠分为5组：对照组（Ctrl）-未经处理的小鼠获得蒸馏水28天；对照组（对照组）获得蒸馏水。铅中毒组（Pb）-在实验方案的前14天暴露于80 mg / kg体重（BW）的Pb（NO3）2；DMSA处理（Pb + DMSA）-暴露Pb的小鼠，接受平均每日剂量为20 mg / kg BW DMSA的治疗，持续2周；莫能菌素处理的（Pb + Mon）-暴露于Pb的小鼠，在14天内平均日剂量为20 mg / kg BW季铵酸四乙铵盐；Pb + Sal-铅暴露的小鼠，平均每日剂量为20 mg / kg体重的水杨酸四乙铵盐处理2周。在实验的第29天，采集样品（肺和心脏）进行原子吸收分析。结果结果表明，与未经处理的小鼠相比，将小鼠暴露于Pb 14天可显着增加两个器官中有毒金属的浓度，并增加心脏中Ca，Cu和Fe的浓度。与未处理的对照组相比，铅的暴露减少了肺中Ca和Zn的浓度。DMSA，莫能菌素和沙利霉素可降低肺和心脏中的Pb浓度。在测试的螯合剂中，只有沙利霉素可将心脏的铁浓度恢复到正常对照值。结论结果表明，聚醚离子性抗生素沙利霉素可作为解毒剂治疗铅在肺和心脏中的毒性作用。应考虑聚醚离子载体抗生素与Ca（II）和Zn（II）的可能的络合，这可能会减少肺中两种离子的内源性浓度。结论结果表明，聚醚离子性抗生素沙利霉素可作为解毒剂治疗铅在肺和心脏中的毒性作用。应考虑聚醚离子载体抗生素与Ca（II）和Zn（II）的可能的络合，这可能会减少肺中两种离子的内源性浓度。结论结果表明，聚醚离子性抗生素沙利霉素可作为解毒剂治疗铅在肺和心脏中的毒性作用。应考虑聚醚离子载体抗生素与Ca（II）和Zn（II）的可能的络合，这可能会减少肺中两种离子的内源性浓度。