OBJECTIVES To investigate whether low bone mineral density (BMD) and history of fracture at baseline are associated with the development of echogenic carotid plaques over a 10-year follow-up period. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Development of echogenic plaques identified by ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. METHODS Among 1048 women aged 40 or more who completed the baseline survey of the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) cohort study, 500 women who completed the first decade of follow-up and 267 women who completed the second decade of follow-up were included. We identified history and incidence of clinical osteoporotic fracture during the follow-up through medical interviews, and determined vertebral fractures by morphometry of absorptiometric images. RESULTS We identified 67 (13.4%) and 31 (11.6%) women with echogenic plaques at the end of first and second decade of follow-up, respectively. Participants with echogenic plaques were significantly older, exhibited lower spine BMD, and had a higher prevalence of osteoporotic fracture, diabetes, and hypertension. A generalized estimating equation analysis was used to combine the participants from the two follow-up periods into a single cohort, and showed that osteoporotic BMD and osteoporotic fractures were significantly associated with the development of echogenic plaques, after adjusting for atherosclerosis risk factors (odds ratio (OR): 2.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.04, 4.44; OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.28, respectively). CONCLUSION Osteoporotic BMD and osteoporotic fracture history were significantly, and independently, associated with an increased occurrence of echogenic plaques. Ultrasonographic screening of the carotid artery may benefit patients with osteoporosis.

中文翻译：

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在 10 年的随访期间，骨矿物质密度降低和骨质疏松性骨折与颈动脉中回声斑块的发展有关：日本人口骨质疏松症 (JPOS) 队列研究

目的 调查基线时低骨密度 (BMD) 和骨折史是否与 10 年随访期间颈动脉回声斑块的发展有关。研究设计一项前瞻性队列研究。主要观察指标 颈动脉超声检查发现的回声斑块的形成。方法 在完成日本人群骨质疏松症 (JPOS) 队列研究基线调查的 1048 名 40 岁或以上女性中，完成第一个十年随访的 500 名女性和完成第二个十年随访的 267 名女性是包括。我们在随访期间通过医学访谈确定了临床骨质疏松性骨折的病史和发病率，并通过吸收测量图像的形态测量确定了椎体骨折。结果 我们确定了 67 (13.4%) 和 31 (11. 6%) 分别在第一个和第二个十年随访结束时出现回声斑块的女性。有回声斑块的参与者明显年龄较大，脊柱 BMD 较低，骨质疏松性骨折、糖尿病和高血压的患病率较高。使用广义估计方程分析将两个随访期的参与者合并为一个队列，结果表明，在调整动脉粥样硬化危险因素（优势比）后，骨质疏松性 BMD 和骨质疏松性骨折与回声斑块的发展显着相关。 (OR)：2.15、95% 置信区间 (95% CI)：1.04、4.44；OR：1.84、95% CI：分别为 1.03、3.28。结论 骨质疏松 BMD 和骨质疏松骨折史是显着的，独立的，与回声斑块的发生增加有关。颈动脉的超声筛查可能有益于骨质疏松症患者。