Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics is now a global topic of discussion in academic and policy circles. At least 84 public–private initiatives have produced statements describing high-level principles, values and other tenets to guide the ethical development, deployment and governance of AI. According to recent meta-analyses, AI ethics has seemingly converged on a set of principles that closely resemble the four classic principles of medical ethics. Despite the initial credibility granted to a principled approach to AI ethics by the connection to principles in medical ethics, there are reasons to be concerned about its future impact on AI development and governance. Significant differences exist between medicine and AI development that suggest a principled approach for the latter may not enjoy success comparable to the former. Compared to medicine, AI development lacks (1) common aims and fiduciary duties, (2) professional history and norms, (3) proven methods to translate principles into practice, and (4) robust legal and professional accountability mechanisms. These differences suggest we should not yet celebrate consensus around high-level principles that hide deep political and normative disagreement.

人工智能（AI）伦理学现已成为学术界和政策界讨论的全球性话题。至少有84项公私计划提出了描述高层原则，价值观和其他宗旨的声明，以指导AI的道德发展，部署和治理。根据最近的荟萃分析，AI伦理似乎已经融合到一组与医学伦理的四个经典原则非常相似的原则上。尽管通过与医学伦理学原则的联系赋予了AI伦理学原则性方法最初的信誉，但仍有理由担心其对AI发展和治理的未来影响。医学与AI开发之间存在重大差异，这表明针对AI的原则性方法可能无法获得与前者相当的成功。与医学相比 人工智能的发展缺乏（1）共同的目标和受托职责；（2）专业的历史和规范；（3）将原则转化为实践的可靠方法；（4）健全的法律和专业问责机制。这些差异表明，我们不应该就隐藏深刻的政治和规范分歧的高层原则达成共识。