The acquisition of sulfur from environment and its assimilation is essential for fungal growth and activities. Here, we describe novel features of the regulatory network of sulfur metabolism in Ogataea parapolymorpha, a thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast with high resistance to harsh environmental conditions. A short bZIP protein (OpMet4p) of O. parapolymorpha, displaying the combined structural characteristics of yeast and filamentous fungal Met4 homologues, plays a key role as a master regulator of cell homeostasis during sulfur limitation, but also its function is required for the tolerance of various stresses. Domain swapping analysis, combined with deletion analysis of the regulatory domains and genes encoding OpCbf1p, OpMet28p, and OpMet32p, indicated that OpMet4p does not require the interaction with these DNA-binding cofactors to induce the expression of sulfur genes, unlike the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Met4p. ChIP analysis confirmed the notion that OpMet4p, which contains a canonical bZIP domain, can bind the target DNA in the absence of cofactors, similar to homologues in other filamentous fungi. Collectively, the identified unique features of the O. parapolymorpha regulatory network, as the first report on the sulfur regulation by a short yeast Met4 homologue, provide insights into conservation and divergence of the sulfur regulatory networks among diverse ascomycetous fungi.

中文翻译：

---

来自Ogataea parapolymorpha的硫调节剂Met4的短bZIP同源物不依赖于DNA结合辅因子来激活硫饥饿中的基因。

从环境中获取硫及其同化作用对于真菌的生长和活动至关重要。在这里，我们描述了Ogataea parapolymorpha中的硫代谢调控网络的新特征，Ogataea parapolymorpha是一种耐高温的甲基营养型酵母，对恶劣的环境条件具有很高的抵抗力。一个短多形拟南芥的bZIP蛋白（OpMet4p），显示出酵母和丝状真菌Met4同源物的组合结构特征，在硫限制期间作为细胞稳态的主要调节者起着关键作用，但其功能对于耐受各种压力。域交换分析，结合调控域和编码OpCbf1p，OpMet28p和OpMet32p的基因的缺失分析，与酿酒酵母Met4p不同，OpMet4p不需要与这些DNA结合辅因子相互作用即可诱导硫基因的表达。ChIP分析证实了这样的观念，即含有规范性bZIP结构域的OpMet4p可以在不存在辅因子的情况下结合目标DNA，类似于其他丝状真菌的同源物。总的来说，作为短酵母Met4同源物对硫的调节的第一份报告，已鉴定出的O. parapolymorpha调节网络的独特功能，为洞察到硫调节网络在不同的子囊真菌之间的保守性和差异性提供了见识。可以在没有辅因子的情况下结合靶DNA，类似于其他丝状真菌中的同源物。总的来说，作为短酵母Met4同源物对硫的调节的第一份报告，已鉴定出的O. parapolymorpha调节网络的独特功能，为洞察到硫调节网络在不同的子囊真菌之间的保守性和差异性提供了见识。可以在没有辅因子的情况下结合靶DNA，类似于其他丝状真菌中的同源物。总的来说，作为短酵母Met4同源物对硫的调节的第一份报告，已鉴定出的O. parapolymorpha调节网络的独特功能，为洞察到硫调节网络在不同的子囊真菌之间的保守性和差异性提供了见识。