Context: Overconsumption of paracetamol (PAR) and diclofenac (DF) have been reported to induce neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Objective: The current study was designed to explore the protective potential of betanin against PAR and DF inducing neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption in a rat model. Material and Methods: Forty rats were equally divided into five groups: group I served as control, group II received PAR (400 mg/kg), group III received PAR plus betanin (25 mg/kg), group IV received DF (10 mg/kg) and group V received DF plus betanin orally for 28 consecutive days. Thyroid axis hormones, sex hormone, neurotransmitters, paraoxonase-1, hemeoxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-2 were measured by ELISA. While, the oxidative stress markers were colorimetrically estimated. Moreover, DNA damage and histopathological picture of the brains were investigated. Results: A marked reduction in thyroid axis hormones, brain neurotransmitters and serum testosterone as well as enhanced oxidative stress and brain DNA damage accompanied by drastic changes in the brain histopathological picture were recorded in the challenged PAR and DF groups. Betanin supplementation ameliorated most of the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by PAR or DF. Conclusion: The study suggests betanin of potential protective effects against neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption induced by PAR and DF overconsumption.

中文翻译：

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倍他宁对扑热息痛和双氯芬酸的保护作用诱导了大鼠的神经毒性和内分泌破坏。

背景：对乙酰氨基酚（PAR）和双氯芬酸（DF）的过度摄入已引起神经毒性和内分泌破坏。目的：本研究旨在探讨甜菜碱对PAR和DF诱导大鼠模型神经毒性和内分泌破坏的保护作用。材料和方法：40只大鼠平均分为5组：第一组为对照组，第二组接受PAR（400 mg / kg），第三组接受PAR加贝宁素（25 mg / kg），第四组接受DF（10 mg / kg），第V组连续28天口服DF加贝宁。ELISA法测定甲状腺轴激素，性激素，神经递质，对氧磷酶-1，血氧合酶-1和核因子2。同时，通过比色法估计了氧化应激标记。而且，研究了DNA损伤和大脑的组织病理学图像。结果：在受挑战的PAR和DF组中，记录到甲状腺轴激素，脑神经递质和血清睾丸激素显着减少，氧化应激和脑DNA损伤增强，并伴随着脑组织病理学图像的急剧变化。甜菜碱的补充改善了PAR或DF诱导的大多数生化和组织病理学变化。结论：这项研究表明，甜菜碱可能对由PAR和DF过度摄入引起的神经毒性和内分泌破坏具有潜在的保护作用。在受挑战的PAR和DF组中记录了脑神经递质和血清睾丸激素，以及氧化应激和脑DNA损伤的增强以及脑组织病理学图像的急剧变化。甜菜碱的补充改善了PAR或DF诱导的大多数生化和组织病理学变化。结论：这项研究表明，甜菜碱可能对由PAR和DF过度摄入引起的神经毒性和内分泌破坏具有潜在的保护作用。在受挑战的PAR和DF组中记录了脑神经递质和血清睾丸激素，以及氧化应激和脑DNA损伤的增强，并伴随着脑组织病理学图像的急剧变化。甜菜碱的补充改善了PAR或DF诱导的大多数生化和组织病理学变化。结论：这项研究表明，甜菜碱可能对由PAR和DF过度摄入引起的神经毒性和内分泌破坏具有潜在的保护作用。