Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and leading cause of death worldwide, affecting more than 420 million people. High blood glucose levels are a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes, which can cause serious health damage. Diabetic individuals must measure their blood glucose levels regularly in order to control glycemic levels and minimize the effects of the disease. Glucose sensors have been used in the management of diabetes for more than 50 years, when Clark and Ann Lyons developed the first glucose enzyme electrode in 1962. Electrochemical sensors have become the leading technology for glucose concentration measuring with most of the commercially available devices being based on amperometric detection. However, the detection of glucose in the blood is still an object of intense research. The development of new fluorescent nanomaterials begins to constitute an alternative for glucose blood quantification. These sensors include carbon dots, quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, gold, silver and upconversion nanoparticles. This paper reviews the last 10 year fluorescent nanoparticles based technologies proposed for glucose monitoring and provide an insight into emerging optical fluorescence glucose biosensors.

糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，是全球范围内的主要死亡原因，影响了超过4.2亿人。高血糖水平是不受控制的糖尿病的常见病，可能导致严重的健康损害。糖尿病患者必须定期测量其血糖水平，以控制血糖水平并使疾病的影响最小化。1962年，Clark和Ann Lyons开发了首个葡萄糖酶电极时，葡萄糖传感器已用于治疗糖尿病50多年。电化学传感器已成为葡萄糖浓度测量的领先技术，大多数商用设备都基于该传感器。进行安培检测。然而，血液中葡萄糖的检测仍然是深入研究的对象。新的荧光纳米材料的开发开始构成葡萄糖血液定量的替代方法。这些传感器包括碳点，量子点，石墨烯量子点，金，银和上转换纳米颗粒。本文回顾了最近10年提出的用于葡萄糖监测的基于荧光纳米粒子的技术，并提供了对新兴的光学荧光葡萄糖生物传感器的见解。