Transition metal ion-doped quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique optical and photophysical properties that offer significant advantages over undoped QDs, such as larger Stokes shift to avoid self-absorption/energy transfer, longer excited-state lifetimes, wider spectral window, and improved chemical and thermal stability. Among the doped QDs emitters, Cu is widely introduced into the doped QDs as novel, efficient, stable, and tunable optical materials that span a wide spectrum from blue to near-infrared (NIR) light. Their unique physical and chemical characteristics enable the use of Cu-doped QDs as NIR labels for bioanalysis and bioimaging. In this review, we discuss doping mechanisms and optical properties of Cu-doped QDs that are capable of NIR emission. Applications of Cu-doped QDs in in vitro biosensing and in in vivo bioimaging are highlighted. Moreover, a prospect of the future of Cu-doped QDs for bioanalysis and bioimaging are also summarized.

中文翻译：

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铜掺杂量子点：用于生物分析和生物成像的新型近红外发射荧光团。

过渡金属离子掺杂的量子点（QD）具有独特的光学和光物理性质，与未掺杂的量子点相比具有显着的优势，例如更大的斯托克斯位移避免了自吸收/能量转移，更长的激发态寿命，更宽的光谱窗口并得到了改善化学和热稳定性。在掺杂的QD发射器中，Cu作为新颖，高效，稳定且可调谐的光学材料被广泛引入掺杂的QD中，其光学材料涵盖从蓝光到近红外（NIR）的宽光谱范围。它们独特的物理和化学特性使得能够将掺杂铜的量子点用作生物分析和生物成像的近红外标记。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了能够NIR发射的Cu掺杂QD的掺杂机理和光学性质。强调了铜掺杂量子点在体外生物传感和体内生物成像中的应用。