Experiments and simulations were carried out to study the tensile performance of unreinforced and Z‐pinned composite T‐joints with low Z‐pin density (Z‐pin spacing larger than 5 mm). It was found that the initial load drop of the Z‐pinned specimen was obviously smoother than that of the unpinned specimen, and the improvement to the ultimate strength of the T‐joint was over 45% by Z‐pinning. Besides, the tensile performance of the Z‐pinned T‐joint was significantly related to the distance of the Z‐pin to the symmetry plane of the T‐joint and Z‐pin diameter, while was independent of the column spacing. Regarding the numerical study, the proposed macro T‐joint model was found to be capable of successfully predicting the tensile performance of Z‐pinned and unreinforced T‐joints in terms of both load‐displacement response and damage mode.

中文翻译：

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低Z针体积密度T型接头拉伸性能的实验和数值研究

进行了实验和模拟，以研究低Z销密度（Z销间距大于5 mm）的未增强和Z销复合T形接头的拉伸性能。结果发现，Z钉试样的初始载荷降明显比未钉试样的光滑，并且通过Z钉试验，T形接头的极限强度提高了45％以上。此外，Z钉T形接头的抗拉性能与Z钉到T形接头对称平面的距离和Z钉直径显着相关，而与柱间距无关。关于数值研究，发现拟议的宏观T型接头模型能够成功地预测Z钉和非加强型T接头的抗拉性能，包括荷载-位移响应和损伤模式。