Mitochondria are multifunctional and dynamic organelles deeply integrated into cellular physiology and metabolism. Disturbances in mitochondrial function are involved in several disorders such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and also in the aging process. Nicotine is a natural alkaloid present in the tobacco plant which has been well studied as a constituent of cigarette smoke. It has also been reported to influence mitochondrial function both in vitro and in vivo. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge of nicotine action on mitochondrial function. Observed effects of nicotine exposure on the mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and mitophagy are discussed, considering the context of the experimental design. The potential action of nicotine on cellular adaptation and cell survival is also examined through its interaction with mitochondria. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated the impact of nicotine on various mitochondrial activities, elucidating its mechanism of action requires further investigation.

中文翻译：

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线粒体可能是尼古丁作用的靶标。

线粒体是深入整合到细胞生理和代谢中的多功能和动态细胞器。线粒体功能紊乱涉及多种疾病，例如神经退行性疾病，心血管疾病，代谢疾病以及衰老过程。尼古丁是存在于烟草植物中的天然生物碱，已经被广泛研究作为香烟烟雾的成分。还已经报道了在体外和体内都影响线粒体功能。本文对尼古丁对线粒体功能的作用进行了全面的综述。考虑到实验设计的背景，讨论了烟碱暴露对线粒体呼吸链，氧化应激，钙稳态，线粒体动力学，生物发生和线粒体吞噬作用的影响。还通过尼古丁与线粒体的相互作用检查了尼古丁对细胞适应和细胞存活的潜在作用。尽管大量研究已经证明尼古丁对各种线粒体活性的影响，但阐明其作用机理仍需进一步研究。