BACKGROUND According to previous epidemiological studies, there are pros and cons for the relationship between running regularly and changes in resting blood pressure (RBP), and the changes may depend on the form of exercise. OBJECTIVE The aims of the current systematic review were to summarize the effects of running regularly on RBP and to investigate the most efficacious form of running in reducing RBP for this purpose. METHODS The inclusion criteria were: randomized controlled trials, involving healthy adults or adults with hypertension, the exercise group only performed regular running and the control group did not exercise, and the study reported the mean resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (RDBP). The mean difference (MD) in RBP in each trial was defined as follows: (mean value at post-intervention in the exercise group - mean value at baseline in the exercise group) - (mean value at post-intervention in the control group - mean value at baseline in the control group) and was calculated. The weighted MD (WMD) was defined as the synthesis of all MD. A linear meta-regression analysis, exercise intensity [the percentage of maximum heart rate] (%) and total exercise time throughout the intervention (hours) were selected as explanatory variables and the MD in RBP served as the objective variable. RESULTS Twenty-two trials (736 subjects) were analyzed. When trials were limited to those involving healthy subjects, the WMD in RBP decreased significantly [RSBP: - 4.2 mmHg (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) - 5.9 to - 2.4); RDBP: - 2.7 mmHg (95% CI - 4.2 to - 1.1)] and did not contain significant heterogeneity (RSBP: P = 0.67, I2 = 0.0%; DBP: P = 0.38, I2 = 7.2%). When trials were limited to those involving subjects with hypertension, the WMD in RBP decreased significantly [RSBP: - 5.6 mmHg (95% CI - 9.1 to - 2.1); RDBP: - 5.2 mmHg (95% CI - 9.0 to - 1.4)] but contained significant heterogeneity (RSBP: P = 0.01, I2 = 62.2%; DBP: P < 0.01, I2 = 87.7) and a meta-regression analysis showed that the percentage of maximum heart rate was significantly associated with the WMD in RSBP [slope: 0.56 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.92), intercept: - 48.76 (95% CI - 76.30 to - 21.22), R2 = 0.88] and RDBP [slope: 0.45 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.87), intercept: - 38.06 (95% CI - 72.30 to - 4.08), R2 = 0.41]. When trials were limited to those involving subjects with hypertension and a mean age ≥ 40 years, a meta-regression analysis showed that total exercise time throughout the intervention was significantly associated with the WMD in RDBP [slope: 0.82 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.09), intercept: - 22.90 (95% CI - 29.04 to - 16.77), R2 = 0.99]. CONCLUSIONS Running regularly decreases RBP, but the changes in subjects with hypertension may differ depending on exercise intensity or total exercise time. Therefore, running regularly at moderate intensity and at a restrained volume is recommended to lower RBP in subjects with hypertension.

中文翻译：

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跑步以降低静息血压：系统评价和荟萃分析。

背景技术根据先前的流行病学研究，定期跑步与静息血压（RBP）变化之间的关系是有利有弊，并且这种变化可能取决于运动的形式。目的本系统综述的目的是总结定期跑步对RBP的影响，并研究为此目的在降低RBP方面最有效的跑步方式。方法纳入标准为：健康成年人或高血压成年人的随机对照试验，运动组仅进行常规跑步，对照组不运动，该研究报告了平均静息收缩压（RSBP）和/或舒张压血压（RDBP）。每个试验中RBP的平均差异（MD）定义如下：（运动组干预后的平均值-运动组基线的平均值）-（对照组干预后的平均值-对照组基线的平均值），并进行了计算。加权MD（WMD）被定义为所有MD的合成。选择线性Meta回归分析，运动强度[最大心率百分比]（％）和整个干预期间的总运动时间（小时）作为解释变量，而RBP中的MD作为目标变量。结果分析了二十二项试验（736名受试者）。当试验仅限于涉及健康受试者的试验时，RBP中的WMD显着降低[RSBP：-4.2 mmHg（95％置信区间（95％CI）-5.9至-2.4）；RDBP：-2.7 mmHg（95％CI-4.2至-1.1）]，并且没有明显的异质性（RSBP：P = 0.67，I2 = 0.0％; DBP：P ＝ 0.38，I 2 ＝ 7.2％。当试验仅限于涉及高血压受试者的试验时，RBP中的WMD显着降低[RSBP：-5.6 mmHg（95％CI-9.1至-2.1）；RDBP：-5.2 mmHg（95％CI-9.0至-1.4）]，但具有显着的异质性（RSBP：P = 0.01，I2 = 62.2％； DBP：P <0.01，I2 = 87.7），荟萃回归分析显示最大心率百分比与RSBP中的WMD显着相关[斜率：0.56（95％CI 0.21至0.92），截距：-48.76（95％CI-76.30至-21.22），R2 = 0.88]和RDBP [斜率：0.45（95％CI 0.01至0.87），截距：-38.06（95％CI-72.30至-4.08），R2 = 0.41]。当试验仅限于涉及高血压且平均年龄≥40岁的受试者时，荟萃回归分析显示，整个干预期间的总运动时间与RDBP中的WMD显着相关[斜率：0.82（95％CI 0.54至1.09），截距：-22.90（95％CI-29.04至-16.77），R2 = 0.99]。结论定期跑步会降低RBP，但高血压受试者的变化可能取决于运动强度或总运动时间。因此，建议在高血压患者中以中等强度和受约束的强度规律地跑步以降低RBP。