Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effector lymphocytes mediating tumor immune surveillance and clearance. They do so by direct tumor killing using cytolytic granules and death receptors, and by interfacing with and potentiating adaptive immune responses through the production of cytokines. From a therapeutic perspective, NK cells have been shown to exert graft-versus-leukemia activity in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and are important in the clinical efficacy of antibodies. Advances in basic and translational NK cell biology have led to multiple potential strategies to augment their in vivo activity to improve antitumor responses. Despite their potent effects, NK cells have been shown to be safe for adoptive cell therapy in both the autologous and allogeneic settings, with promising, but so far limited, clinical efficacy. This review will provide an overview of strategies being pursued to improve NK cell activity and efficacy, focusing on cell source, NK cell activation, and in vivo persistence.

中文翻译：

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利用自然杀伤细胞的抗肿瘤免疫力：从板凳到床边。

天然杀伤（NK）细胞是介导肿瘤免疫监视和清除的关键效应淋巴细胞。他们通过使用溶细胞性颗粒和死亡受体直接杀死肿瘤，并通过产生细胞因子来与适应性免疫应答相互作用并增强其适应性免疫应答，从而做到了这一点。从治疗的角度看，已经证明NK细胞在造血干细胞移植的情况下发挥移植物抗白血病活性，并且在抗体的临床功效中很重要。基本和转化NK细胞生物学的进步已导致多种潜在的策略，以增加其体内活性，以改善抗肿瘤反应。尽管NK细胞具有强大的作用，但已证明在自体和同种异体环境中，NK细胞对于过继性细胞疗法都是安全的，尽管前景广阔，但到目前为止还很有限，临床疗效。这篇综述将概述改善NK细胞活性和功效的策略，重点放在细胞来源，NK细胞活化和体内持久性上。