Lethal and sublethal effects of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its degradation products 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) to zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) were investigated in a 120 h exposure scenario. Lethal concentrations (LC50) were 4.5 mg/l for TNT, 13.4 mg/l for 2-ADNT and 14.4 mg/l for 4-ADNT. Embryos exposed to 2-ADNT or 4-ADNT revealed a high proportion of chorda deformations among the surviving individuals. Genotoxicity of the nitroaromatic compounds in zebrafish embryos was investigated by comet assay isolating cells from whole embryos after 48 h in vivo exposure. Significant genotoxicity was induced by all three compounds tested, in comparison to the corresponding controls at 0.1 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l as lowest tested concentrations. The genotoxicity caused by TNT was about three to four times higher than that of 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the genotoxicity of TNT in fish embryos by in vivo exposure. The results are discussed in the context of dumped munition in the marine environment.

中文翻译：

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硝基芳香族化合物会破坏斑马鱼胚胎（Danio rerio）的DNA。

三硝基甲苯（TNT）及其降解产物2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲苯（2-ADNT）和4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯（4-ADNT）对斑马鱼胚胎（Danio rerio）的致死和致死作用是在120小时的暴露情况下进行了调查。TNT的致死浓度（LC50）为4.5 mg / l，2-ADNT的致死浓度（LC50）为13.4 mg / l，4-ADNT的致死浓度（LC50）为14.4 mg / l。暴露于2-ADNT或4-ADNT的胚胎在幸存的个体中显示出高比例的chorda变形。在体内暴露48小时后，通过彗星分析从整个胚胎中分离出细胞，从而研究了斑马鱼胚胎中硝基芳香族化合物的遗传毒性。与以最低测试浓度的0.1 mg / l和1.0 mg / l的相应对照相比，所有三种测试化合物均产生了显着的遗传毒性。由TNT引起的遗传毒性比2-ADNT和4-ADNT高大约三到四倍。据我们所知，这是第一项通过体内暴露证明TNT在鱼胚中的遗传毒性的研究。在海洋环境中丢弃弹药的背景下讨论了结果。