Insights from novel mechanistic paradigms in gene expression control have led to the development of new gene expression systems for bioproduction, control, and sensing applications. Coupled with a greater understanding of synthetic burden and modern creative biodesign approaches, contemporary bacterial gene expression tools and systems are emerging that permit fine-tuning of expression, enabling greater predictability and maximisation of specific productivity, while minimising deleterious effects upon cell viability. These advances have been achieved by using a plethora of regulatory tools, operating at all levels of the so-called 'central dogma' of molecular biology. In this review, we discuss these gene regulation tools in the context of their design, prototyping, integration into expression systems, and biotechnological application.

中文翻译：

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调节细菌基因表达的当代工具。

来自基因表达控制的新颖机制范例的见解导致了用于生物生产，控制和传感应用的新基因表达系统的开发。结合对合成负担的更深入了解和现代创新的生物设计方法，现代细菌基因表达工具和系统应运而生，可以对表达进行微调，从而实现更大的可预测性和比生产率的最大化，同时将对细胞生存力的有害影响降至最低。这些进步是通过使用在分子生物学的所有“中央教条”的各个层面上运行的大量监管工具来实现的。在这篇综述中，我们在设计，原型设计，整合到表达系统以及生物技术应用的背景下讨论了这些基因调控工具。