OBJECTIVES While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has excellent efficacy in treating multiple cancers, some patients experience accelerated disease progression, defined as hyper-progressive disease (HPD). However, the characteristics of HPD, especially in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remain to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report about an advanced NSCLC patient with striking disease progression, defined as HPD by existing standards, after the administration of pembrolizumab. We also reviewed related studies to discuss the definition, relative factors, and prognosis of HPD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This case of NSCLC with HPD had a series of characteristics not widely described in HPD cases previously reported, suggesting the potential complexity of this phenomenon and the necessity to study its characteristics and to more closely monitor patients who are administered ICIs.

中文翻译：

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接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的过度进展性疾病：病例报告和文献复习。

目标尽管免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）治疗在治疗多种癌症方面具有出色的疗效，但一些患者的疾病进展加快，被定义为超进展性疾病（HPD）。但是，HPD的特征，尤其是非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的特征尚待阐明。材料和方法我们报告了一位在接受派姆单抗治疗后出现显着疾病进展的晚期NSCLC患者，按现行标准定义为HPD。我们还回顾了相关研究，以讨论HPD的定义，相关因素和预后。结果与结论该病例伴有HPD的NSCLC的一系列特征在先前报道的HPD病例中并未得到广泛描述，