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Transcriptome analysis reveals a high aerobic capacity in the whale brain.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110593
Alena Krüger 1 , Andrej Fabrizius 1 , Bjarni Mikkelsen 2 , Ursula Siebert 3 , Lars P Folkow 4 , Thorsten Burmester 1
Affiliation  

The brain of diving mammals is repeatedly exposed to low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) that would have caused severe damage to most terrestrial mammals. Some whales may dive for >2 h with their brain remaining active. Many of the physiological adaptations of whales to diving have been investigated, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that enable their brain to survive sometimes prolonged periods of hypoxia. Here, we have used an RNA-Seq approach to compare the mRNA levels in the brains of whales with those of cattle, which serves as a terrestrial relative. We sequenced the transcriptomes of the brains from cattle (Bos taurus), killer whale (Orcinus orca), and long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas). Further, the brain transcriptomes of cattle, minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), which were available in the databases, were included. We found a high expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and the respiratory electron chain in the whale brains. In the visual cortex of whales, transcripts related to the detoxification of reactive oxygen species were more highly expressed than in the visual cortex of cattle. These findings indicate a high oxidative capacity in the whale brain that might help to maintain aerobic metabolism in periods of reduced oxygen availability during dives.

中文翻译:

转录组分析显示鲸鱼脑中有氧能力高。

潜水哺乳动物的大脑反复暴露于低氧条件下(低氧),这会对大多数陆生哺乳动物造成严重损害。一些鲸鱼的大脑保持活跃状态​​时可能会跳水> 2小时。鲸类对跳水的许多生理适应性已经进行了研究,但是对于使它们的大脑有时长时间缺氧存活的分子机制知之甚少。在这里,我们使用了一种RNA-Seq方法,将鲸鱼和牛的大脑中的mRNA水平作为陆地亲戚进行比较。我们对牛(Bos taurus),虎鲸(Orcinus orca)和长鳍领鲸(Globicephala melas)的大脑转录组进行了测序。此外,还包括牛,小须鲸(Balaenoptera acutorostrata)和弓头鲸(Balaena mysticetus)的大脑转录组,包括数据库中可用的内容。我们在鲸鱼脑中发现了与氧化磷酸化和呼吸电子链相关的基因的高表达。在鲸鱼的视觉皮层中,与活性氧物质解毒有关的转录本比牛的视觉皮层中的表达更高。这些发现表明,鲸鱼脑部具有很高的氧化能力,可能有助于在潜水过程中减少氧气的供应期间维持有氧代谢。与活性氧解毒有关的转录本比在牛的视觉皮层中表达更高。这些发现表明,鲸鱼脑部具有很高的氧化能力,可能有助于在潜水过程中减少氧气的供应期间维持有氧代谢。与活性氧解毒有关的转录本比在牛的视觉皮层中表达更高。这些发现表明,鲸鱼脑部具有很高的氧化能力,可能有助于在潜水过程中减少氧气的供应期间维持有氧代谢。
更新日期:2019-10-30
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