Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are common pollutants of water ecosystems originating from incineration processes and contamination with mineral oil. Water solubility of PAHs is generally low; for toxicity tests with aquatic organisms, they are therefore usually dissolved in organic solvents. Here we examined the effects of a typical model PAH, phenanthrene, and a solvent, acetone, on amphipods as relevant aquatic invertebrate models. Two of these species, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus, are common endemics of the oligotrophic and pristine Lake Baikal, while one, Gammarus lacustris, is widespread throughout the Holarctic and inhabits smaller and more eutrophic water bodies in the Baikal area. Neither solvent nor phenanthrene caused mortality at the applied concentrations, but both substances affected gene expression in all species. Differential gene expression was more profound in the species from Lake Baikal than in the Holarctic species. Moreover, in one of the Baikal species, E. cyaneus, we found that many known components of the cellular xenobiotic detoxification system reacted to the treatments. Finally, we detected a negative relationship between changes in transcript abundances in response to the solvent and phenanthrene. This mixture effect, weaker than the impact by a single mixture component, needs further exploration.

中文翻译：

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模型有机污染物菲及其溶剂丙酮在三种两足动物物种中的转录组水平影响。

聚芳烃（PAH）是水生态系统的常见污染物，其源于焚烧过程和矿物油污染。PAHs的水溶性一般较低；因此，对于水生生物的毒性测试，通常将它们溶解在有机溶剂中。在这里，我们检查了典型模型PAH，菲和溶剂丙酮对作为相关水生无脊椎动物模型的两栖动物的影响。这些物种中的两种，Eulimnogammarus verrucosus和Eulimnogammarus cyaneus，是寡营养和原始贝加尔湖的常见特有种，而一种Gammarus lacustris遍布整个Holarctic，栖息于贝加尔湖地区较小且富营养化的水体中。在所应用的浓度下，溶剂和菲都不会引起死亡率，但是这两种物质都会影响所有物种的基因表达。贝加尔湖物种的差异基因表达比Holarctic物种更为深刻。此外，在贝加尔湖物种之一的E. cyaneus中，我们发现细胞异种生物解毒系统的许多已知成分都对治疗产生了反应。最后，我们检测到响应溶剂和菲的转录丰度变化之间存在负相关关系。这种混合效果要弱于单个混合成分的影响，需要进一步探索。我们检测到响应溶剂和菲的转录丰度变化之间存在负相关关系。这种混合效果要弱于单个混合成分的影响，需要进一步探索。我们检测到响应溶剂和菲的转录丰度变化之间存在负相关关系。这种混合效果要弱于单个混合成分的影响，需要进一步探索。