Neonatal brain injury affects thousands of babies each year and may lead to long-term and permanent physical and neurological problems. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia is standard clinical care for term newborns with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy. Nevertheless, it is not completely protective, and additional strategies to restore and promote regeneration are urgently needed. One way to ensure recovery following injury to the immature brain is to augment endogenous regenerative pathways. However, novel strategies such as stem cell therapy, gene therapies and nanotechnology have not been adequately explored in this unique age group. In this perspective review, we describe current efforts that promote neuroprotection and potential targets that are unique to the developing brain, which can be leveraged to facilitate neuroregeneration.

新生儿脑损伤每年影响成千上万的婴儿，并可能导致长期和永久的身体和神经系统问题。目前，治疗性体温过低是中度至重度新生儿脑病的足月新生儿的标准临床护理。然而，它不是完全保护性的，并且迫切需要恢复和促进再生的其他策略。确保未成熟大脑受伤后恢复的一种方法是增加内源性再生途径。然而，在这个独特的年龄组中，尚未充分探索诸如干细胞治疗，基因治疗和纳米技术等新策略。在这篇观点综述中，我们描述了当前促进神经保护的努力以及发育中的大脑特有的潜在靶标，可以利用这些靶标促进神经再生。