Self-regulation is one primary mechanism in interventions for health behavior change and has been examined in numerous recent meta-analyses. This pre-registered meta-review (PROSPERO CRD42017074018) examined Mmeta-analyses of any intervention and health behavior/outcome were eligible if they quantitatively assessed self-regulation and appeared between January 2006 and August 2017. In total, 66 meta-analyses were ultimately eligible; 27% reported a protocol, 11% used GRADE; 58% focused on RCTs. Reviews satisfied only a moderate number of items on the AMSTAR 2 (M = 45.45%, SD = 29.57%). Only 6% of meta-analyses directly examined whether changes in self-regulation predicted the behavior change (i.e., self-efficacy and physical activity, l = 2; frequency of self-monitoring and goal attainment, l = 1; cognitive bias modification and addiction, l = 1). Meta-analyses more routinely assessed self-regulation by comparing the efficacy of intervention components (97%), such as those from behavior change taxonomies. Meta-analyses that focused on intervention components identified several as successful, including personalized feedback, goal setting, and self-monitoring; however, none were consistently successful in that each worked only for some health behaviors and with particular populations. Some components had inconclusive evidence, given that they were only examined in low- quality reviews. Future reviewers should utilize advanced methods to assess mechanisms, and study authors should report hypothesized mechanisms to facilitate synthesis.

中文翻译：

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健康行为改变中的自我调节机制：荟萃分析的系统荟萃回顾，2006-2017。


自我调节是健康行为改变干预措施的一种主要机制，并在最近的许多荟萃分析中得到了检验。这项预先注册的荟萃审查 (PROSPERO CRD42017074018) 检查了任何干预措施的 Mmeta 分析，如果定量评估自我调节，健康行为/结果是否合格，并于 2006 年 1 月至 2017 年 8 月期间出现。总共有 66 项荟萃分析最终通过有资格的; 27% 报告了方案，11% 使用 GRADE； 58% 关注随机对照试验。评论仅满足 AMSTAR 2 上的中等数量的项目（M = 45.45%，SD = 29.57%）。只有 6% 的荟萃分析直接检验自我调节的变化是否预测了行为变化（即自我效能和体力活动，l = 2；自我监控和目标实现的频率，l = 1；认知偏差修正和成瘾，l = 1）。荟萃分析更常规地通过比较干预措施（97％）的功效来评估自我调节，例如来自行为改变分类法的干预措施。专注于干预措施的荟萃分析确定了一些成功的干预措施，包括个性化反馈、目标设定和自我监控；然而，没有一种方法能够持续取得成功，因为每种方法都只对某些健康行为和特定人群有效。一些成分没有确凿的证据，因为它们仅在低质量的评论中进行了检查。未来的审稿人应该利用先进的方法来评估机制，研究作者应该报告假设的机制以促进合成。