Transcription and RNA decay are key determinants of gene expression; these processes are typically considered as the uncoupled beginning and end of the messenger RNA (mRNA) lifecycle. Here we describe the growing number of studies demonstrating interplay between these spatially disparate processes in eukaryotes. Specifically, cells can maintain mRNA levels by buffering against changes in mRNA stability or transcription, and can also respond to virally induced accelerated decay by reducing RNA polymerase II gene expression. In addition to these global responses, there is also evidence that mRNAs containing a premature stop codon can cause transcriptional upregulation of homologous genes in a targeted fashion. In each of these systems, RNA binding proteins (RBPs), particularly those involved in mRNA degradation, are critical for cytoplasmic to nuclear communication. Although their specific mechanistic contributions are yet to be fully elucidated, differential trafficking of RBPs between subcellular compartments are likely to play a central role in regulating this gene expression feedback pathway.

转录和 RNA 衰减是基因表达的关键决定因素；这些过程通常被认为是信使 RNA (mRNA) 生命周期的独立开始和结束。在这里，我们描述了越来越多的研究证明真核生物中这些空间上不同的过程之间的相互作用。具体来说，细胞可以通过缓冲 mRNA 稳定性或转录的变化来维持 mRNA 水平，还可以通过减少 RNA 聚合酶 II 基因表达来应对病毒诱导的加速衰退。除了这些全局反应之外，还有证据表明含有过早终止密码子的 mRNA 可以有针对性地导致同源基因的转录上调。在每个系统中，RNA 结合蛋白 (RBP)，特别是那些参与 mRNA 降解的蛋白，对于细胞质与核的通讯至关重要。尽管其具体机制贡献尚未完全阐明，但亚细胞区室之间 RBP 的差异运输可能在调节该基因表达反馈途径中发挥核心作用。