Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are both associated with response inhibition impairment. However, the relative pattern of deficits in these two disorders remains unclear. Twenty‐three male children with ASD, 23 male children with SZ, and 32 typically developing male controls were recruited to complete a set of tasks measuring response inhibition in the visual, auditory, and verbal domains. We found that visual, auditory, and verbal response inhibitions were impaired in both children with ASD and children with SZ. Compared with typically developing controls, children with ASD made more commission errors whereas children with SZ responded much slower in the visual response inhibition task. Both clinical groups showed comparable impairment in verbal response inhibition, but children with SZ were more impaired in auditory response inhibition than children with ASD. These different patterns of response inhibition deficit between male children with ASD and SZ may help to differentiate between these two disorders and may be potential targets for intervention. Autism Res 2020, 13: 591–602. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

中文翻译：

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自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症的男童之间反应抑制缺陷的差异特征。

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和精神分裂症（SZ）均与反应抑制障碍相关。然而，这两种疾病的相对缺陷模式尚不清楚。招募了23名患有ASD的男性儿童，23名患有SZ的男性儿童以及32个通常发育为男性的对照组，以完成一系列任务，以测量视觉，听觉和言语领域的反应抑制。我们发现，患有ASD的儿童和患有SZ的儿童的视觉，听觉和言语反应抑制均受损。与典型的对照组相比，患有自闭症的儿童犯下更多的佣金错误，而患有自闭症的儿童在视觉反应抑制任务中的反应要慢得多。两个临床组在言语反应抑制方面均表现出可比的损害，但SZ患儿的听觉抑制作用较ASD患儿更大。患有ASD和SZ的男性儿童之间反应抑制缺陷的这些不同模式可能有助于区分这两种疾病，并且可能成为干预的潜在目标。Autism Res 2020，13：591-602。©2019国际自闭症研究会，Wiley Periodicals，Inc.