BACKGROUND AND AIMS Short screenings for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are crucial for public health purposes, but current self-reported measures have several pitfalls and may be unreliable. The main aim of our study was to provide empirical evidence on the psychometric performance of self-reports currently used. Our research questions were: Compared with a gold standard clinical interview, how accurate are 1) self-reported AUD, 2) self-reported alcohol use over time, and 3) biomarkers of alcohol use among Swiss men? Finally, we aimed to identify an alternative screening tool. DESIGN A single-center study with a cross-sectional design and a stratified sample selection. SETTING Lausanne University Hospital (Switzerland) from October 2017 through June 2018. PARTICIPANTS We selected participants from the French-speaking participants of the ongoing Cohort Study on Substance Use and Risk Factors (n=233). The sample included young men aged on average 27.0 years. MEASUREMENTS We used the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies as the gold standard for DSM-5 AUD. The self-reported measures included 11 criteria for AUD, nine alcohol-related consequences, and previous twelve months' alcohol use. We also assessed biomarkers of chronic excessive drinking (ethyl glucuronide and phosphatidylethanol). FINDINGS None of the self-reported measures/biomarkers taken alone displayed both sensitivity and specificity close to 100% with respect to the gold standard (e.g., self-reported AUD: sensitivity=92.3%, specificity=45.8%). The best model combined eight self-reported criteria of AUD and four alcohol-related consequences. Using a cut-off of three, this screening tool yielded acceptable sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (78.7%). CONCLUSIONS Neither self-reported alcohol use disorder (AUD) nor heavy alcohol use appear to be adequate to screen for AUD among young men from the Swiss population. The best screening alternative for AUD among young Swiss men appears to be a combination of eight symptoms of AUD and four alcohol-related consequences.

中文翻译：

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确定准确的自我报告酒精使用障碍筛查工具：来自瑞士男性人群评估的证据

背景和目的 酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 的短期筛查对于公共卫生目的至关重要，但当前的自我报告措施存在一些缺陷，并且可能不可靠。我们研究的主要目的是为目前使用的自我报告的心理测量表现提供经验证据。我们的研究问题是：与黄金标准临床访谈相比，1) 自我报告的澳元、2) 随着时间的推移自我报告的饮酒情况以及 3) 瑞士男性饮酒的生物标志物的准确度如何？最后，我们旨在确定一种替代筛选工具。设计 具有横断面设计和分层样本选择的单中心研究。2017 年 10 月至 2018 年 6 月在洛桑大学医院（瑞士）进行设置。参与者 我们从正在进行的物质使用和风险因素队列研究 (n=233) 的法语参与者中选择参与者。样本包括平均年龄为 27.0 岁的年轻男性。测量 我们使用遗传研究诊断访谈作为 DSM-5 AUD 的黄金标准。自我报告的措施包括 11 项澳元标准、9 项与酒精相关的后果以及之前 12 个月的酒精使用情况。我们还评估了慢性过量饮酒的生物标志物（乙基葡萄糖醛酸和磷脂酰乙醇）。结果 单独采取的自我报告措施/生物标志物均未显示出相对于金标准接近 100% 的敏感性和特异性（例如，自我报告的澳元：敏感性 = 92.3%，特异性 = 45.8%）。最佳模型结合了八项自我报告的澳元标准和四种与酒精相关的后果。使用 3 的临界值，该筛选工具产生了可接受的灵敏度 (83.3%) 和特异性 (78.7%)。结论 无论是自我报告的酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 还是大量饮酒似乎都不足以在瑞士人口的年轻男性中筛查 AUD。在瑞士年轻男性中筛查 AUD 的最佳选择似乎是综合了 AUD 的八种症状和四种与酒精相关的后果。