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Biomarker-based assessment of the muscle maintenance and energy status of anurans from an extremely seasonal semi-arid environment, the Brazilian Caatinga.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110590 Carla Bonetti Madelaire 1 , Fernando Ribeiro Gomes 1 , Inna Sokolova 2
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110590 Carla Bonetti Madelaire 1 , Fernando Ribeiro Gomes 1 , Inna Sokolova 2
Affiliation
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Strongly seasonal environments pose challenges for performance and survival of animals, especially when resource abundance seasonally fluctuates. We investigated the seasonal variation of key metabolic biomarkers in the muscles of males from three species (Rhinella jimi, R. granulosa and Pleurodema diplolister) of anurans from the drastically seasonal Brazilian semi-arid area, Caatinga. We examined the expression of proteins regulating energy turnover (AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK] and protein kinase B [AKT]), protein synthesis and homeostasis (total and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α [eIF2α and p-eIF2α] and chaperone proteins [HSP 60, 70, and 90]) in muscles predominantly related to reproduction and locomotion. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity was also assessed as an index of the muscle aerobic capacity. The expression pattern of metabolic biomarkers indicates that the maintenance of muscular function is regulated in a species-specific manner during the drastic seasonal variation. Rhinella jimi and R. granulosa that remain active during the drought appear to maintain muscles through more energy expensive pathways including elevated protein synthesis, while the aestivating P. diplolister employs energy conservation strategy suppressing protein synthesis, decreasing chaperone expression and increasing expression of AMPK. Two (P. diplolister and R. granulosa) of the three studied species activate cell survival pathways during the drought likely to prevent muscle atrophy, and all three studied species maintain the muscle aerobic capacity throughout the year, despite the resource limitation. These strategies are important considering the unpredictability of the reproductive event and high demand on muscular activity during the reproductive season in these amphibians. SUMMARY STATEMENT: We studied seasonal variation of key metabolic biomarkers in the muscles of anurans that experience drastic variation in environmental conditions and differ in seasonal activity patterns.
中文翻译：
基于生物标志物的极端季节性半干旱环境巴西卡廷加州无脊椎动物的肌肉维持和能量状态评估。
强烈的季节性环境给动物的性能和生存带来了挑战，尤其是当资源丰富度季节性波动时。我们调查了来自巴西季节性严重干旱地区卡廷加（Caatinga）的三种无脊椎动物的雄性无脊椎动物的关键代谢生物标志物的季节性变化，该物种来自三种物种（Rhinella jimi，R。granulosa和Pleurodema diplolister）。我们检查了调节能量转换的蛋白（AMP激活的蛋白激酶[AMPK]和蛋白激酶B [AKT]）的表达，蛋白的合成和体内稳态（总和磷酸化的真核生物起始因子2α[eIF2α和p-eIF2α]和伴侣蛋白[ HSP 60、70和90]）在肌肉中主要与生殖和运动有关。细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）活性也被评估为肌肉有氧能力的指标。代谢生物标志物的表达模式表明，在剧烈的季节变化过程中，以特定于物种的方式调节了肌肉功能的维持。在干旱期间仍保持活跃的莱茵兰草和R. granulosa似乎通过更多的能量昂贵途径来维持肌肉，包括增加蛋白质合成，而富有活力的P. diplolister采用能量节省策略来抑制蛋白质合成，降低分子伴侣表达并增加AMPK的表达。这三个研究物种中的两个（P. diplolister和R. granulosa）在干旱期间激活了可能阻止肌肉萎缩的细胞存活途径，尽管资源有限，这三个研究物种全年仍保持肌肉有氧能力。考虑到这些两栖动物在繁殖季节的不可预测性和对肌肉活动的高需求，这些策略很重要。总结声明：我们研究了环境条件下急剧变化且季节性活动模式不同的无尾无脊椎动物肌肉中关键代谢生物标志物的季节性变化。
更新日期：2019-10-25
中文翻译：
基于生物标志物的极端季节性半干旱环境巴西卡廷加州无脊椎动物的肌肉维持和能量状态评估。
强烈的季节性环境给动物的性能和生存带来了挑战，尤其是当资源丰富度季节性波动时。我们调查了来自巴西季节性严重干旱地区卡廷加（Caatinga）的三种无脊椎动物的雄性无脊椎动物的关键代谢生物标志物的季节性变化，该物种来自三种物种（Rhinella jimi，R。granulosa和Pleurodema diplolister）。我们检查了调节能量转换的蛋白（AMP激活的蛋白激酶[AMPK]和蛋白激酶B [AKT]）的表达，蛋白的合成和体内稳态（总和磷酸化的真核生物起始因子2α[eIF2α和p-eIF2α]和伴侣蛋白[ HSP 60、70和90]）在肌肉中主要与生殖和运动有关。细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）活性也被评估为肌肉有氧能力的指标。代谢生物标志物的表达模式表明，在剧烈的季节变化过程中，以特定于物种的方式调节了肌肉功能的维持。在干旱期间仍保持活跃的莱茵兰草和R. granulosa似乎通过更多的能量昂贵途径来维持肌肉，包括增加蛋白质合成，而富有活力的P. diplolister采用能量节省策略来抑制蛋白质合成，降低分子伴侣表达并增加AMPK的表达。这三个研究物种中的两个（P. diplolister和R. granulosa）在干旱期间激活了可能阻止肌肉萎缩的细胞存活途径，尽管资源有限，这三个研究物种全年仍保持肌肉有氧能力。考虑到这些两栖动物在繁殖季节的不可预测性和对肌肉活动的高需求，这些策略很重要。总结声明：我们研究了环境条件下急剧变化且季节性活动模式不同的无尾无脊椎动物肌肉中关键代谢生物标志物的季节性变化。
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