Observations taken over the last few decades indicate that dramatic changes are occurring in the Arctic‐Boreal Zone (ABZ), which are having significant impacts on ABZ inhabitants, infrastructure, flora and fauna, and economies. While suitable for detecting overall change, the current capability is inadequate for systematic monitoring and for improving process‐based and large‐scale understanding of the integrated components of the ABZ, which includes the cryosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Such knowledge will lead to improvements in Earth system models, enabling more accurate prediction of future changes and development of informed adaptation and mitigation strategies. In this article, we review the strengths and limitations of current space‐based observational capabilities for several important ABZ components and make recommendations for improving upon these current capabilities. We recommend an interdisciplinary and stepwise approach to develop a comprehensive ABZ Observing Network (ABZ‐ON), beginning with an initial focus on observing networks designed to gain process‐based understanding for individual ABZ components and systems that can then serve as the building blocks for a comprehensive ABZ‐ON. Plain Language Summary While numerous scientific datasets of the Arctic Boreal Zone (ABZ) confirm that this region is rapidly changing, the current observational suite is insufficient to understand many of the complex interactions between components of the ABZ, which includes the cryosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Such a process‐based understanding is necessary for the development of informed mitigation and adaptation response strategies and the prediction of future change. We review the strengths and limitations of the current suite of observations from satellites, which have the unique advantage of spatial coverage as compared to observations collected from near‐surface instruments. We make recommendations for improving satellite observations of individual components of the ABZ and recommend an interdisciplinary and stepwise approach to develop a comprehensive ABZ Observing Network (ABZ‐ON). ©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. REVIEW ARTICLE 10.1029/2019RG000652 Key Points: • We review the strengths and limitations of space‐based observational capabilities for several important Arctic‐Boreal Zone components • We make recommendations for improving the current Arctic‐Boreal Zone observing network and discuss how to build a more comprehensive one Correspondence to: B. N. Duncan, bryan.n.duncan@nasa.gov Citation: Duncan, B. N., Ott, L. E., Abshire, J. B., Brucker, L., Carroll, M. L., Carton, J., et al. (2020). Space‐based observations for understanding changes in the arctic‐boreal zone. Reviews of Geophysics, 58, e2019RG000652. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000652 Received 25 APR 2019 Accepted 4 OCT 2019 Accepted article online 26 OCT 2019 DUNCAN ET AL. 1 of 95

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了解北极北部地区变化的天基观测

过去几十年的观察表明，北极-北方区 (ABZ) 正在发生巨大变化，这对 ABZ 居民、基础设施、动植物群和经济产生了重大影响。虽然适合检测整体变化，但目前的能力不足以进行系统监测，并不足以提高对 ABZ 综合组成部分（包括冰冻圈、生物圈、水圈和大气）的基于过程的大规模了解。这些知识将导致地球系统模型的改进，从而能够更准确地预测未来的变化以及制定知情的适应和减缓战略。在本文中，我们审查了几个重要 ABZ 组件当前天基观测能力的优势和局限性，并提出了改进这些当前能力的建议。我们建议采用跨学科和逐步的方法来开发一个综合的 ABZ 观测网络 (ABZ-ON)，首先关注旨在获得对各个 ABZ 组件和系统的基于过程的理解的观测网络，然后可以作为构建模块全面的 ABZ-ON。简明语言总结 虽然北极北部带 (ABZ) 的众多科学数据集证实该地区正在迅速变化，但当前的观测套件不足以了解 ABZ 各组成部分之间的许多复杂相互作用，其中包括冰冻圈、生物圈、水圈，和气氛。这种基于过程的理解对于制定知情的缓解和适应响应策略以及预测未来变化是必要的。我们回顾了当前卫星观测的优势和局限性，与从近地表仪器收集的观测相比，卫星具有独特的空间覆盖优势。我们为改进对 ABZ 各个组成部分的卫星观测提出建议，并建议采用跨学科和逐步的方法来开发综合 ABZ 观测网络 (ABZ-ON)。©2019。美国地球物理联合会。版权所有。本文由美国政府雇员提供，他们的工作在美国属于公共领域。回顾文章 10.1029/2019RG000652 要点：• 我们审查了北极地区几个重要组成部分的天基观测能力的优势和局限性 • 我们提出了改进当前北极地区观测网络的建议，并讨论了如何建立一个更全面的观测网络。 bryan.n.duncan@nasa.gov 引文：Duncan, BN, Ott, LE, Abshire, JB, Brucker, L., Carroll, ML, Carton, J. 等。(2020)。用于了解北极-北方地区变化的天基观测。地球物理学评论，58，e2019RG000652。https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000652 2019 年 4 月 25 日接收 2019 年 10 月 4 日接受 2019 年 10 月 4 日接受在线文章 2019 年 10 月 26 日 DUNCAN 等人。95 中的 1 Carton, J. 等。(2020)。用于了解北极-北方地区变化的天基观测。地球物理学评论，58，e2019RG000652。https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000652 2019 年 4 月 25 日接收 2019 年 10 月 4 日接受 2019 年 10 月 4 日接受在线文章 2019 年 10 月 26 日 DUNCAN 等人。95 中的 1 Carton, J. 等。(2020)。用于了解北极-北方地区变化的天基观测。地球物理学评论，58，e2019RG000652。https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000652 2019 年 4 月 25 日接收 2019 年 10 月 4 日接受 2019 年 10 月 4 日接受在线文章 2019 年 10 月 26 日 DUNCAN 等人。95 中的 1