Inhibitory cell-surface receptors on lymphocytes, often called immune checkpoints, are powerful targets for cancer therapy. Despite their direct involvement in autoimmune pathology, they are currently not exploited therapeutically for autoimmune diseases. Understanding the expression pattern of these receptors in health and disease is essential for targeted drug design. Here, we designed three 23-colour flow cytometry panels for peripheral-blood T cells, including 15 lineage-defining markers and 21 immunomodulatory cell-surface receptors, and a 22-marker panel for B cells. Blood samples from healthy individuals, multiple sclerosis (MS), and lupus (SLE) patients were included in the study. Several receptors show differential expression on regulatory T cells (Treg) compared to T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells, and functional relevance of this difference could be shown for BTLA and CD5. Unbiased multiparametric analysis revealed a subset of activated CD8+ T cells and a subset of unswitched memory B cells that are diminished in MS and SLE, respectively.

中文翻译：

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免疫调节受体在与自身免疫性疾病相关的B细胞和T细胞亚群中差异表达。

淋巴细胞上的抑制性细胞表面受体（通常称为免疫检查点）是癌症治疗的有力靶标。尽管它们直接参与自身免疫病理，但目前尚未在治疗上用于自身免疫疾病。了解这些受体在健康和疾病中的表达模式对于靶向药物设计至关重要。在这里，我们为外周血T细胞设计了三个23种颜色的流式细胞仪面板，包括15个谱系定义标记和21个免疫调节细胞表面受体，以及一个22个标记的B细胞面板。该研究包括来自健康个体，多发性硬化症（MS）和狼疮（SLE）患者的血液样本。与辅助T（Th）1和Th17细胞相比，几种受体在调节性T细胞（Treg）上显示差异表达，BTLA和CD5可以显示出这种差异的功能相关性。无偏多参数分析显示，激活的CD8 + T细胞的子集和未转换的记忆B细胞的子集分别在MS和SLE中减少。