AIM: Parasites are a major component of global ecosystems, yet spatial variation in parasite diversity is poorly known, largely because their occurrence data are limited and thus difficult to interpret. Using a recently compiled database of parasite occurrences, we compare different models which we use to infer parasite geographic ranges and parasite species richness across the globe. INNOVATION: To date, most studies exploring spatial patterns of parasite diversity assumed, with little validation, that the geographic range of a parasite species can be represented by the collective geographic range of its host species. Our study compares this assumption with a suite of other methods to infer parasite distribution from parasite occurrence data (e.g., based on data density, ecoregions and climatic conditions). We highlight diversity hotspots identified by the various methods and compare the effects of sampling intensities in different regions, a crucial factor determining observed parasite diversity. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The type of model used to infer parasite distributions affects estimates of both total species richness and spatial patterns of hotspots of parasite richness. Overall, the models based on reported occurrences share similar areas of high parasite richness that tend to be biased towards areas of high sampling effort. In contrast, the model based on host distributions showed hotspots of parasite diversity that are biased towards areas of high host species richness. Accounting for sampling effort could only help to reconcile the outcome from the different models in some regions. Further, the non‐saturated species accumulation curves even for the best studied regions of the world such as Europe and North America serve as a call for further sampling effort and development of effective analytic tools that can provide robust accounts of global parasite diversity.

中文翻译：

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比较绘制全球寄生虫多样性的方法

目的：寄生虫是全球生态系统的主要组成部分，但寄生虫多样性的空间变化知之甚少，主要是因为它们的发生数据有限，因此难以解释。使用最近编译的寄生虫发生数据库，我们比较了用于推断全球寄生虫地理范围和寄生虫物种丰富度的不同模型。创新：迄今为止，大多数探索寄生虫多样性空间模式的研究都假设，寄生虫物种的地理范围可以由寄主物种的集体地理范围表示，但几乎没有验证。我们的研究将这一假设与从寄生虫发生数据（例如，基于数据密度、生态区和气候条件）推断寄生虫分布的一套其他方法进行了比较。我们强调了通过各种方法确定的多样性热点，并比较了不同区域采样强度的影响，这是决定观察到的寄生虫多样性的关键因素。主要结论：用于推断寄生虫分布的模型类型影响对总物种丰富度和寄生虫丰富度热点空间模式的估计。总体而言，基于报告事件的模型具有相似的寄生虫丰富度高的区域，这些区域往往偏向于高采样率的区域。相比之下，基于宿主分布的模型显示寄生虫多样性的热点偏向于宿主物种丰富度高的区域。考虑抽样工作只能帮助协调某些区域不同模型的结果。更多，