As members of the plant microbiota, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycotina) symbiotically colonize plant roots. AMF also possess their own microbiota, hosting some uncultivable endobacteria. Ongoing research has revealed the genetics underlying plant responses to colonization by AMF, but the fungal side of the relationship remains in the dark. Here, we sequenced the genome of Gigaspora margarita, a member of the Gigasporaceae in an early diverging group of the Glomeromycotina. In contrast to other AMF, G. margarita may host distinct endobacterial populations and possesses the largest fungal genome so far annotated (773.104 Mbp), with more than 64% transposable elements. Other unique traits of the G. margarita genome include the expansion of genes for inorganic phosphate metabolism, the presence of genes for production of secondary metabolites and a considerable number of potential horizontal gene transfer events. The sequencing of G. margarita genome reveals the importance of its immune system, shedding light on the evolutionary pathways that allowed early diverging fungi to interact with both plants and bacteria.

中文翻译：

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在三个王国之间的联系：菌根真菌玛格丽塔酒（Gigaspora margarita）的基因组提供了有关植物，内细菌和真菌相互作用的见解。

作为植物菌群的成员，丛枝菌根真菌（AMF，Glomeromycotina）共生定植在植物根部。AMF也拥有自己的微生物群，拥有一些无法培养的内细菌。正在进行的研究已经揭示了植物对AMF定殖的反应的遗传学，但是这种关系的真菌方面仍然是黑暗的。在这里，我们对玛格丽丝藻（Gigasporaceae）的一个基因组进行了测序，玛格丽丝藻是Glomeromycotina的一个早期分化群体。与其他AMF相比，玛格丽特菌可能拥有不同的内细菌种群，并且拥有迄今为止被注释的最大真菌基因组（773.104 Mbp），其中转座因子超过64％。玛格丽塔酒（G.margarita）基因组的其他独特特征包括无机磷酸盐代谢基因的扩展，用于产生次级代谢产物的基因的存在以及大量潜在的水平基因转移事件。玛格丽塔酒基因组的测序揭示了其免疫系统的重要性，阐明了允许早期分化真菌与植物和细菌相互作用的进化途径。