Two dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention in the past decade for their high application potential to address some of society’s most pressing issues such as energy storage and the scarcity of potable water. One of the latest, and relatively large, family of 2D materials is transition-metal carbides and nitrides, called MXenes. Since the initial synthesis of Ti₃C₂ in hydrofluoric acid in 2011, almost 30 other new compositions and at least eight different synthesis pathways have been reported. In this review, we overview the structure, synthesis, and chemistry of MXenes, with examples of their properties and potential applications that partially explain why these materials have become so popular.

二维（2D）材料在过去的十年中因其解决社会上一些最紧迫的问题（如能量存储和饮用水的稀缺性）的高应用潜力而引起了广泛的关注。最新的且相对较大的2D材料家族之一是过渡金属碳化物和氮化物，称为MXenes。自2011年在氢氟酸中首次合成Ti ₃ C ₂以来，已经报道了将近30种其他新成分和至少8种不同的合成途径。在这篇综述中，我们概述了MXenes的结构，合成和化学性质，并举例说明了它们的性质和潜在的应用，这些现象部分地解释了为什么这些材料如此受欢迎。