Over the past few decades, DNA has turned into one of the most widely used molecular linkers and a versatile building block for the self-assembly of DNA nanostructures. Such complexes, composed of only a few oligonucleotides (e.g., DNA tiles) or assembled from hundreds of synthetic and natural scaffolding strands (e.g., DNA origami), are being increasingly assembled into higher-order architectures such as lattices and crystals. A wide variety of assembly methods and techniques (e.g., solution-phase and substrate-assisted sticky-ended cohesion or blunt-end stacking) have emerged and are constantly being refined. This review provides a summary of the methods and building blocks for the assembly of 2D and 3D DNA lattices and crystals, and discusses some of their potential applications in materials science.

在过去的几十年中，DNA已成为使用最广泛的分子连接子之一，并且是DNA纳米结构自组装的多功能构建基块。这种仅由少量寡核苷酸组成的复合物（例如DNA瓦片）或由数百个合成和天然支架链组装而成的复合物（例如DNA折纸），正越来越多地被组装成更高阶的结构，例如晶格和晶体。已经出现了各种各样的组装方法和技术（例如，溶液相和基片辅助的粘端内聚力或平端堆叠），并不断对其进行完善。这篇综述总结了2D和3D DNA晶格和晶体组装的方法和基础，并讨论了它们在材料科学中的一些潜在应用。