High degrees of spatial heterogeneity in hydrologic systems pose a major barrier for their protection and remediation. Dissolved and particulate contaminants are mixed and retained over timescales ranging from seconds to years due to their interactions with these structural heterogeneities. Over the last two decades, a new class of models has demonstrated its capacity to describe observed ‘anomalous transport’ behavior that is ubiquitous to nearly all flowing waters. The promise of these models lies in their potential for predicting transport using minimal parameters, while remaining faithful to the underlying complexity of the system. In this review, we highlight recent experimental studies that have improved our understanding of the structural controls of anomalous transport, as well as modeling studies that use these new insights to better predict contaminant fate.

水文系统中高度的空间异质性为其保护​​和修复提供了主要障碍。由于溶解性和颗粒性污染物与这些结构异质性的相互作用，它们在数秒至数年的时间范围内被混合和保留。在过去的二十年中，一类新的模型证明了其描述几乎所有流动水域普遍存在的“异常运输”行为的能力。这些模型的希望在于它们使用最小的参数预测运输的潜力，同时忠实于系统的基本复杂性。在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了最近的实验研究，这些研究提高了我们对异常运输的结构控制的理解，