BACKGROUND Temporal spatial parameters during running are measurable outside of clinical and laboratory environments using wearable technology. Data from wearable technology may be useful for injury prevention, however the association of temporal spatial parameters with overuse injury in runners remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify the association between overuse injury and temporal spatial parameters during running. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were searched using keywords related to temporal spatial parameters, running, and overuse injury, and authors' personal article collections through hand search. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Articles included in this systematic review contained original data, and analytically compared at least one temporal spatial parameter (e.g. cadence) between uninjured and retrospectively or prospectively injured groups of runners. Articles were excluded from this review if they did not meet these criteria or measured temporal spatial parameters via survey. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHOD The internal validity of each article was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analyses were conducted for temporal spatial parameters if data existed from at least three separate cohorts of the same prospective or retrospective design. Data were pooled and analyzed using an inverse variance fixed-effect model. RESULTS Thirteen articles which tested a total of 24 temporal spatial parameters during running were included in the review. Meta-analyses were conducted on four temporal spatial parameters using data from eleven retrospective studies. Healthy runners and those with a history of overuse injury had a similar average stride time (mean difference: 0.00 s, 95% CI - 0.01 to 0.01 s), contact time (mean difference: 0.00 s, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.01 s), cadence (mean difference: 0.3 steps per minute (spm), 95% CI - 1.8 to 2.5 spm), and stride length (mean difference 0.00 m, 95% CI - 0.05 to 0.05 m) during running. LIMITATIONS Data pooled for meta-analyses were limited to retrospective design studies. Studies included in the systematic review had low methodological consistency. CONCLUSION Based on pooled results from multiple studies, stride time, contact time, cadence, and stride length averages are not distinguishable between runners either with or without a history of overuse injury. More prospective studies are required to determine the association of temporal spatial parameters with overuse injury development in runners. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION REGISTRY AND NUMBER CRD42018112290.

中文翻译：

---

时间空间参数与跑步者过度使用损伤历史之间的关联：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

背景技术使用可穿戴技术在临床和实验室环境之外可以测量跑步期间的时间空间参数。来自可穿戴技术的数据可能有助于预防伤害，但时间空间参数与跑步者过度使用伤害的关联仍不清楚。目的确定跑步过程中过度使用损伤与时间空间参数之间的关联。数据来源 使用与时间空间参数、跑步和过度使用伤害相关的关键字以及通过手动搜索作者的个人文章集来搜索电子数据库。选择研究的资格标准 本系统评价中包含的文章包含原始数据，并分析比较了至少一个时间空间参数（例如 cadence）在未受伤和回顾性或预期受伤的跑步者组之间。如果文章不符合这些标准或通过调查测量时间空间参数，则文章将被排除在本次审查之外。研究评估和综合方法 每篇文章的内部有效性使用美国国立卫生研究院的观察队列和横断面研究质量评估工具进行评估。如果数据来自相同前瞻性或回顾性设计的至少三个独立队列，则对时间空间参数进行荟萃分析。使用逆方差固定效应模型汇总和分析数据。结果 13篇文章在跑步过程中测试了24个时空参数。使用来自 11 项回顾性研究的数据对四个时间空间参数进行荟萃分析。健康跑者和有过度使用损伤史的跑者有相似的平均步幅时间（平均差：0.00 秒，95% CI - 0.01 至 0.01 秒），接触时间（平均差：0.00 秒，95% CI 0.00 至 0.01 秒） 、步频（平均差：每分钟 0.3 步 (spm)、95% CI - 1.8 至 2.5 spm）和步幅（平均差 0.00 m、95% CI - 0.05 至 0.05 m）。局限性 为荟萃分析收集的数据仅限于回顾性设计研究。系统评价中纳入的研究方法学一致性较低。结论 基于多项研究的汇总结果、步幅时间、接触时间、节奏、无论有无过度使用损伤史，跑步者的步幅平均值都无法区分。需要更多的前瞻性研究来确定时间空间参数与跑步者过度使用损伤发展的关联。系统审查注册登记处和编号 CRD42018112290。