Abstract The number of herbicide-resistant weeds is increasing globally. A successful management practice requires an understanding of how resistance traits are inherited. Weed scientists worldwide have investigated the mode of inheritance for herbicide resistance in weeds. Depending on the resistance gene/mechanism, varied patterns of inheritance have been documented in weed species. In most of the target-enzyme mechanism cases, the mode of inheritance involves a single nuclear gene. However, maternal (cytoplasmic) inheritance has also been documented for triazine-resistant weeds with the target-enzyme mutation mechanism of resistance. Resistance from target-enzyme overexpression is not always associated with the single-gene model of inheritance. Depending on the type of resistance, allelic dominance varies between complete dominance, semi-dominance and recessive for both target-enzyme mutation and target-enzyme overexpression mechanisms. The nontarget site mechanism of resistance is however, more complex. The pattern of inheritance in weeds with nontarget site resistance is quite variable and should be investigated case by case. The pattern of inheritance has a crucial role in the dynamics of herbicide-resistance within a weed population, and knowledge about the inheritance of herbicide resistance traits could help develop predictive models and novel strategies to prevent the spread of resistance allele(s).

中文翻译：

---

杂草抗除草剂的遗传遗传

摘要 全球抗除草剂杂草的数量正在增加。成功的管理实践需要了解抗性特征是如何遗传的。世界各地的杂草科学家已经研究了杂草中除草剂抗性的遗传模式。根据抗性基因/机制，杂草物种中记录了不同的遗传模式。在大多数靶酶机制案例中，遗传方式涉及单个核基因。然而，也已记录了具有抗性靶酶突变机制的三嗪抗性杂草的母体（细胞质）遗传。来自靶酶过度表达的抗性并不总是与遗传的单基因模型相关。根据抗性的类型，等位基因优势在完全优势、靶酶突变和靶酶过表达机制的半显性和隐性。然而，抗性的非目标位点机制更为复杂。具有非目标位点抗性的杂草的遗传模式变化很大，应逐案调查。遗传模式在杂草种群内的除草剂抗性动态中起着至关重要的作用，有关除草剂抗性性状遗传的知识可以帮助开发预测模型和新策略，以防止抗性等位基因的传播。具有非目标位点抗性的杂草的遗传模式变化很大，应逐案调查。遗传模式在杂草种群内的除草剂抗性动态中起着至关重要的作用，有关除草剂抗性性状遗传的知识可以帮助开发预测模型和新策略，以防止抗性等位基因的传播。具有非目标位点抗性的杂草的遗传模式变化很大，应逐案调查。遗传模式在杂草种群内的除草剂抗性动态中起着至关重要的作用，有关除草剂抗性性状遗传的知识可以帮助开发预测模型和新策略，以防止抗性等位基因的传播。