The colour gamut, a two-dimensional (2D) colour space primarily comprising hue and saturation (HS), lays the most important foundation for the colour display and printing industries. Recently, the metasurface has been considered a promising paradigm for nanoprinting and holographic imaging, demonstrating a subwavelength image resolution, a flat profile, high durability, and multi-functionalities. Much effort has been devoted to broaden the 2D HS plane, also known as the CIE map. However, the brightness (B), as the carrier of chiaroscuro information, has long been neglected in metasurface-based nanoprinting or holograms due to the challenge in realising arbitrary and simultaneous control of full-colour HSB tuning in a passive device. Here, we report a dielectric metasurface made of crystal silicon nanoblocks, which achieves not only tailorable coverage of the primary colours red, green and blue (RGB) but also intensity control of the individual colours. The colour gamut is hence extruded from the 2D CIE to a complete 3D HSB space. Moreover, thanks to the independent control of the RGB intensity and phase, we further show that a single-layer silicon metasurface could simultaneously exhibit arbitrary HSB colour nanoprinting and a full-colour hologram image. Our findings open up possibilities for high-resolution and high-fidelity optical security devices as well as advanced cryptographic approaches.

色域是主要包含色相和饱和度（HS）的二维（2D）色彩空间，为彩色显示和印刷行业奠定了最重要的基础。近来，超表面被认为是用于纳米印刷和全息成像的有前途的范例，展示了亚波长图像分辨率，平坦轮廓，高耐用性和多功能性。为了拓宽2D HS平面（也称为CIE贴图），已经进行了很多努力。然而，由于在无源设备中实现任意和同时控制全色HSB调谐的挑战，亮度（B）作为明暗黑体信息的载体长期以来一直在基于超表面的纳米打印或全息图中被忽略。在这里，我们报告了由晶体硅纳米块制成的介电超表面，不仅可以实现红，绿，蓝（RGB）三原色的可定制覆盖，还可以控制各种颜色的强度。因此，色域从2D CIE挤出到完整的3D HSB空间。此外，由于对RGB强度和相位的独立控制，我们进一步表明，单层硅超表面可以同时展现出任意的HSB颜色纳米打印和全色全息图像。我们的发现为高分辨率和高保真度的光学安全设备以及先进的加密方法打开了可能性。我们进一步表明，单层硅超表面可以同时展现出任意的HSB颜色纳米打印和全色全息图图像。我们的发现为高分辨率和高保真度的光学安全设备以及先进的加密方法打开了可能性。我们进一步表明，单层硅超表面可以同时展现出任意的HSB颜色纳米打印和全色全息图图像。我们的发现为高分辨率和高保真度的光学安全设备以及先进的加密方法打开了可能性。