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Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of cell death.
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology ( IF 81.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-21 , DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0173-8
Florian J Bock 1 , Stephen W G Tait 1
Affiliation  

Through their many and varied metabolic functions, mitochondria power life. Paradoxically, mitochondria also have a central role in apoptotic cell death. Upon induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) usually commits a cell to die. Apoptotic signalling downstream of MOMP involves cytochrome c release from mitochondria and subsequent caspase activation. As such, targeting MOMP in order to manipulate cell death holds tremendous therapeutic potential across different diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. In this Review, we discuss new insights into how mitochondria regulate apoptotic cell death. Surprisingly, recent data demonstrate that besides eliciting caspase activation, MOMP engages various pro-inflammatory signalling functions. As we highlight, together with new findings demonstrating cell survival following MOMP, this pro-inflammatory role suggests that mitochondria-derived signalling downstream of pro-apoptotic cues may also have non-lethal functions. Finally, we discuss the importance and roles of mitochondria in other forms of regulated cell death, including necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Collectively, these new findings offer exciting, unexplored opportunities to target mitochondrial regulation of cell death for clinical benefit.

中文翻译:


线粒体作为细胞死亡的多方面调节剂。



线粒体通过其多种多样的代谢功能为生命提供动力。矛盾的是,线粒体在细胞凋亡中也发挥着核心作用。在诱导线粒体凋亡后,线粒体外膜透化(MOMP)通常会导致细胞死亡。 MOMP 下游的细胞凋亡信号传导涉及线粒体中细胞色素 c 的释放以及随后的 caspase 激活。因此,以 MOMP 为靶标来操纵细胞死亡对于不同疾病(包括神经退行性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和癌症)具有巨大的治疗潜力。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了线粒体如何调节细胞凋亡的新见解。令人惊讶的是,最近的数据表明,除了引发 caspase 激活外,MOMP 还参与各种促炎信号传导功能。正如我们所强调的,加上证明 MOMP 后细胞存活的新发现,这种促炎症作用表明促凋亡信号下游的线粒体衍生信号也可能具有非致命功能。最后,我们讨论了线粒体在其他形式的受调节细胞死亡中的重要性和作用,包括坏死性凋亡、铁死亡和细胞焦亡。总的来说,这些新发现为靶向细胞死亡的线粒体调节以获得临床益处提供了令人兴奋的、未经探索的机会。
更新日期:2019-10-21
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