Air-breathing and amphibious fishes are essential study organisms to shed insight into the required physiological shifts that supported the full transition from aquatic water-breathing fishes to terrestrial air-breathing tetrapods. While the origin of air-breathing in the evolutionary history of the tetrapods has received considerable focus, much less is known about the evolutionary physiology of air-breathing among fishes. This review summarizes recent advances within the field with specific emphasis on the cardiorespiratory regulation associated with air-breathing and terrestrial excursions, and how respiratory physiology of these living transitional forms are affected by development and personality. Finally, we provide a detailed and re-evaluated model of the evolution of air-breathing among fishes that serves as a framework for addressing new questions on the cardiorespiratory changes associated with it. This review highlights the importance of combining detailed studies on piscine air-breathing model species with comparative multi-species studies, to add an additional dimension to our understanding of the evolutionary physiology of air-breathing in vertebrates.

中文翻译：

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空气呼吸和两栖鱼类的进化和心脏呼吸生理。

空气呼吸和两栖鱼类是必不可少的研究有机体，可帮助人们深入了解所需的生理转变，从而支持从水生呼吸鱼类到陆生空气呼吸四足动物的全面过渡。尽管在四足动物的进化史中呼吸呼吸的起源受到了相当大的关注，但是对于鱼类之间呼吸呼吸的进化生理学却知之甚少。这篇综述总结了该领域的最新进展，特别着重于与呼吸和陆地旅行有关的心肺调节，以及这些生活过渡形式的呼吸生理如何受到发育和个性的影响。最后，我们提供了鱼类之间呼吸呼吸演变的详细且经过重新评估的模型，该模型可作为解决与之相关的心肺变化的新问题的框架。这篇综述强调了将鱼类呼吸模型物种的详细研究与比较性多物种研究相结合的重要性，这为我们对脊椎动物呼吸呼吸的进化生理学的理解增加了新的维度。