Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gastrointestinal hormone released in response to meal ingestion and enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. In several human studies, GLP-1 secretory responses to oral glucose load or a meal were decreased in subjects with obesity, glucose intolerance, or diabetes compared with those in healthy subjects. However, the results of meta-analysis and cohort studies do not necessarily support this concept. Results from animal studies are also inconsistent; in multiple studies, GLP-1 secretory responses to a meal were repeatedly higher in diet-induced obese rats than in control rats. Thus, the postprandial GLP-1 response is not necessarily decreased but rather enhanced during obesity development, which is likely to play a protective role against glucose intolerance.

中文翻译：

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GLP-1 在肥胖症中的真正作用是什么？

胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 是一种胃肠激素，在进食后会释放，可增强胰腺 β 细胞的胰岛素分泌。在几项人体研究中，与健康受试者相比，肥胖、葡萄糖耐受不良或糖尿病受试者对口服葡萄糖负荷或进餐的 GLP-1 分泌反应降低。然而，荟萃分析和队列研究的结果并不一定支持这一概念。动物研究的结果也不一致；在多项研究中，饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠对膳食的 GLP-1 分泌反应反复高于对照大鼠。因此，在肥胖发展过程中，餐后 GLP-1 反应不一定会降低而是会增强，这可能对葡萄糖耐受不良起到保护作用。