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Structured Light from Lasers
Laser & Photonics Reviews ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-16 , DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201900140
Andrew Forbes 1
Affiliation  

Structured light is derived from the ability to tailor light, usually referring to the spatial control of its amplitude, phase, and polarization. Although a venerable topic that dates back to the very first laser designs, structuring light at the source has seen an explosion in activity over the past decade, fuelled by a modern toolkit that exploits the versatility of diffractive structures, liquid crystals, metasurfaces/metamaterials, and exotic laser geometries, as well as a myriad of applications that range from imaging, microscopy, and laser material processing to optical communication. Here, the recent progress in creating and controlling structured light is reviewed, with particular emphasis on structuring light at the source: structured light lasers. The various design approaches, including pump shaping, cavity geometries, and the use of custom intracavity optical elements, implemented in a variety of lasers from microchip solutions to high‐power fibers are covered in a tutorial style. The history and latest developments in the field are reviewed, elucidating the various structured light patterns that have been created from lasers, including orbital angular momentum and vector states of light. Finally, the present challenges and limitations are highlighted, along with comments on likely future trends.

中文翻译:

激光的结构光

结构化光是从调整光的能力中获得的,通常是指对其振幅,相位和偏振进行空间控制。尽管可以追溯到最早的激光设计这个古老的话题,但在过去十年中,在源头构造光的活动一直在激增,这得益于现代工具箱的开发,该工具箱利用了衍射结构,液晶,超表面/超材料的多功能性,各种特殊的激光几何形状,以及从成像,显微镜,激光材料加工到光通信的无数应用。在此,回顾了在创建和控制结构化光方面的最新进展,尤其着重于在源头构造光:结构化光激光器。各种设计方法,包括泵成形,腔体几何形状,教程样式涵盖了自定义腔内光学元件的使用以及从微芯片解决方案到高功率光纤的各种激光器中实现的定制腔内光学元件的使用。回顾了该领域的历史和最新发展,阐明了由激光产生的各种结构光图案,包括轨道角动量和光的矢量状态。最后,重点介绍了当前的挑战和局限性以及对未来可能趋势的评论。
更新日期:2019-10-16
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