The increasing need to demonstrate the correctness of computer simulations has highlighted the importance of benchmarks. We define in this paper a representative simulation case to study low-temperature partially-magnetized plasmas. Seven independently developed Particle-In-Cell codes have simulated this benchmark case, with the same specified conditions. The characteristics of the codes used, such as implementation details or computing times and resources, are given. First, we compare at steady-state the time-averaged axial profiles of three main discharge parameters (axial electric field, ion density and electron temperature). We show that the results obtained exhibit a very good agreement within 5% between all the codes. As ExB discharges are known to cause instabilities propagating in the direction of electron drift, an analysis of these instabilities is then performed and a similar behaviour is retrieved between all the codes. A particular attention has been paid to the numerical convergence by varying the number of macroparticles per cell and we show that the chosen benchmark case displays a good convergence. Detailed outputs are given in the supplementary data, to be used by other similar codes in the perspective of code verification. 2D axial-azimuthal Particle-In-Cell benchmark for low-temperature partially ..

中文翻译：

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低温部分磁化等离子体的二维轴向-方位角 Particle-In-Cell 基准

越来越需要证明计算机模拟的正确性，这凸显了基准测试的重要性。我们在本文中定义了一个代表性的模拟案例来研究低温部分磁化等离子体。七个独立开发的 Particle-In-Cell 代码在相同的指定条件下模拟了这个基准案例。给出了所使用代码的特性，例如实现细节或计算时间和资源。首先，我们在稳态下比较三个主要放电参数（轴向电场、离子密度和电子温度）的时间平均轴向剖面。我们表明，获得的结果在所有代码之间表现出非常好的一致性，误差在 5% 以内。由于已知 ExB 放电会导致在电子漂移方向上传播的不稳定性，然后对这些不稳定性进行分析，并在所有代码之间检索到类似的行为。通过改变每个单元的宏观粒子数量，我们特别关注了数值收敛性，我们表明所选择的基准案例显示出良好的收敛性。补充数据中给出了详细的输出，以供其他类似代码从代码验证的角度使用。2D 轴向-方位角 Particle-In-Cell 基准，用于低温部分 .. 供其他类似代码从代码验证的角度使用。2D 轴向-方位角 Particle-In-Cell 基准，用于低温部分 .. 供其他类似代码从代码验证的角度使用。2D 轴向-方位角 Particle-In-Cell 基准，用于低温部分 ..