Bioinspired carbon dots (biodots): emerging fluorophores with tailored multiple functionalities for biomedical, agricultural and environmental applications,Molecular Systems Design & Engineering

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Bioinspired carbon dots (biodots): emerging fluorophores with tailored multiple functionalities for biomedical, agricultural and environmental applications
Molecular Systems Design & Engineering ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2019/10/17 , DOI: 10.1039/c9me00086k
Yoonah Choi _{1,

2,

3} , Xin Ting Zheng _{4,

5,

6} , Yen Nee Tan _{4,

5,

7,

8,

9}

Affiliation

Nature provides abundant resources to support life on our planet. In particular, biological systems possess unique properties and functions such as bio-recognition and self-assembly, which makes them an attractive inspiration for mankind to design smart materials at the molecular level. This review reports an emerging class of bioinspired fluorescent nanodots (biodots) derived from natural resources ranging from small biomolecules, biopolymers to biomass for a wide spectrum of technological applications. These “biodots” are carbonaceous in nature with inherent biocompatibility, which can be molecularly engineered to obtain both biological and physiochemical properties in one entity similar to the molecular machines in cells. Importantly, the surface properties and functionalities of biodots can be fine-tuned depending on the types of precursors used in their synthesis. This mini-review summarises the recent development of fluorescent biodots with intrinsic biological and/or biomimetic functions, with an aim to examine their formation mechanisms and understand how different types of precursors affect the overall properties of biodots. This is followed by a thorough discussion on the successful utilizations of these biodots for biomedical (e.g., theranostic agents), agricultural (e.g., fertilizers for plant growth) and environmental (e.g., pollutant detection) applications, in order to gain critical insights into the molecular design of multifunctional biodots tailored for different applications. Lastly, we highlight the promising directions and future outlook of biodots with the aid of artificial intelligence, which will potentially accelerate the development of this promising field.

中文翻译：

受生物启发的碳点（biodots）：新兴的荧光团，具有量身定制的多种功能，可用于生物医学，农业和环境应用

大自然提供了丰富的资源来支持地球上的生命。特别是，生物系统具有独特的特性和功能，例如生物识别和自组装，这使其成为人类在分子水平上设计智能材料的诱人灵感。这篇评论报告了新兴的一类由自然资源衍生的生物启发性荧光纳米点（biodot），其范围从小型生物分子，生物聚合物到生物质，广泛用于各种技术应用。这些“生物点”本质上是含碳的，具有固有的生物相容性，可以通过分子工程技术在一个实体中获得生物学和物理化学特性，类似于细胞中的分子机器。重要的，生物点的表面性质和功能可以根据其合成中使用的前体类型进行微调。这篇小型综述总结了具有固有生物学和/或仿生功能的荧光生物点的最新发展，目的是检查其形成机理并了解不同类型的前体如何影响生物点的整体特性。接下来是关于将这些生物点成功用于生物医学的全面讨论（例如，治疗试剂），农业（例如，用于植物生长的肥料）和环境（例如，污染物检测）应用，以便获得针对为不同应用量身定制的多功能生物点的分子设计的关键见识。最后，我们将重点介绍借助人工智能的生物点技术的有前途的方向和未来前景，这将有可能加速这一有前途的领域的发展。

更新日期：2020-02-13

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