Allicin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent from garlic, disrupts thiol and redox homeostasis, proteostasis, and cell membrane integrity. Since medicine demands antimicrobials with so far unexploited mechanisms, allicin is a promising lead structure. While progress is being made in unraveling its mode of action, little is known on bacterial adaptation strategies. Some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli withstand exposure to high allicin concentrations due to as yet unknown mechanisms. To elucidate resistance and sensitivity-conferring cellular processes, the acute proteomic responses of a resistant P. aeruginosa strain and the sensitive species Bacillus subtilis are compared to the published proteomic response of E. coli to allicin treatment. The cellular defense strategies share functional features: proteins involved in translation and maintenance of protein quality, redox homeostasis, and cell envelope modification are upregulated. In both Gram-negative species, protein synthesis of the majority of proteins is downregulated while the Gram-positive B. subtilis responded by upregulation of multiple regulons. A comparison of the B. subtilis proteomic response to a library of responses to antibiotic treatment reveals 30 proteins specifically upregulated by allicin. Upregulated oxidative stress proteins are shared with nitrofurantoin and diamide. Microscopy-based assays further indicate that in B. subtilis cell wall integrity is impaired.

中文翻译：

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菌种对大蒜素反应的种间比较揭示了种属特异性防御​​策略。

大蒜素是大蒜的广谱抗菌剂，可破坏硫醇和氧化还原稳态，蛋白稳态和细胞膜完整性。由于药物需要迄今为止尚未开发的抗微生物药物，因此大蒜素是一种有前途的先导结构。尽管在阐明其作用方式方面已取得进展，但细菌适应策略知之甚少。铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌的一些分离株由于尚不清楚的机制而承受高大蒜素浓度的暴露。为了阐明耐药性和赋予敏感性的细胞过程，将耐药铜绿假单胞菌菌株和枯草芽孢杆菌敏感种的急性蛋白质组学反应与大肠杆菌对大蒜素处理的已发表的蛋白质组学反应进行了比较。细胞防御策略具有以下功能特征：与蛋白质质量的翻译和维持，氧化还原稳态和细胞包膜修饰有关的蛋白质被上调。在这两个革兰氏阴性物种中，大多数蛋白质的蛋白质合成被下调，而革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌则通过多个调节子的上调来响应。枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白质组反应与抗生素治疗反应库的比较显示，大蒜素特异性上调了30种蛋白质。硝基呋喃妥因和二酰胺共有上调的氧化应激蛋白。基于显微镜的分析进一步表明，在枯草芽孢杆菌中，细胞壁完整性受到损害。大多数蛋白质的蛋白质合成被下调，而革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌则通过多个调节子的上调来响应。枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白质组反应与抗生素治疗反应库的比较显示，大蒜素特异性上调了30种蛋白质。硝基呋喃妥因和二酰胺共有上调的氧化应激蛋白。基于显微镜的分析进一步表明，在枯草芽孢杆菌中，细胞壁完整性受到损害。大多数蛋白质的蛋白质合成被下调，而革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌则通过多个调节子的上调来响应。枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白质组反应与抗生素治疗反应库的比较显示，大蒜素特异性上调了30种蛋白质。硝基呋喃妥因和二酰胺共有上调的氧化应激蛋白。基于显微镜的分析进一步表明，在枯草芽孢杆菌中，细胞壁完整性受到损害。