Linking land use and the nutritional ecology of herbivores: a case study with the Senegalese locust,Functional Ecology

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Linking land use and the nutritional ecology of herbivores: a case study with the Senegalese locust
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-14 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13466
Marion Le Gall ₁ , Mira L. Word ₁ , Natalia Thompson ₂ , Balanding Manneh ₃ , Alioune Beye ₄ , Arianne J. Cease _{1,

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Affiliation

Access to high‐quality food is a main driver of population dynamics. For herbivores, protein and carbohydrates are key nutrients that are notoriously variable in plants and are affected by land use. However, few studies have linked foraging decisions and performance in the laboratory to the nutritional landscape available in the field. Oedaleus senegalensis is a non‐model locust, a grass‐feeder, and the main pest of millet, a subsistence crop in the Sahel. In this study, we examined dietary preference and locust performance across a range of protein:carbohydrate ratios using the Geometric Framework methodology. We then applied a fitness landscape approach to visualize these results with the plant nutrient contents available across four land‐use types: millet, groundnut, fallow, and grazed fields. Finally, we contrasted our results with locust distribution in the field. Several locust species (O. senegalensis included) exhibit density‐dependent colour polymorphism; thus, we also reported individual coloration (brown or green). We found that O. senegalensis preferred moderately carbohydrate‐biased food 1:1.6 protein:carbohydrate ratio. All traits recorded (mass gain, development time, growth rate, moult success and performance index) were best near that ratio and declined on either side presenting a ‘hump‐shape’. Fallow fields contained more plants, particularly grasses, that were both abundant and closer to the optimal protein:carbohydrate ratio recorded from the laboratory experiments. When we surveyed O. senegalensis abundance and proportion, we found that they were more numerous in the fallow fields. Brown morph individuals, the ones associated with high density, were proportionally more abundant in fallow fields than green individuals. Our study provides evidence that variation in nutritional landscapes – relative to an herbivore's optimal nutrient balance – is a key driver of herbivore population distribution and abundance, and can be used to predict bottom‐up effects on herbivore species.

中文翻译：

将土地利用与食草动物的营养生态联系起来：以塞内加尔蝗虫为例

获得优质食品是人口动态的主要驱动力。对于食草动物来说，蛋白质和碳水化合物是众所周知的在植物中易变并受土地利用影响的关键营养素。然而，很少有研究将实验室的觅食决策和性能与该领域的营养状况联系起来。Oedaleus senegalensis 是一种非模式蝗虫，一种食草动物，是小米的主要害虫，小米是萨赫勒的一种自给作物。在这项研究中，我们使用几何框架方法检查了一系列蛋白质：碳水化合物比例的饮食偏好和蝗虫表现。然后，我们应用适应性景观方法将这些结果可视化，其中包含四种土地利用类型的可用植物营养成分：小米、花生、休耕地和放牧地。最后，我们将我们的结果与现场蝗虫分布进行了对比。几种蝗虫（包括 O. senegalensis）表现出密度依赖的颜色多态性；因此，我们还报告了个体着色（棕色或绿色）。我们发现 O. senegalensis 更喜欢中等偏向碳水化合物的食物，蛋白质：碳水化合物比例为 1:1.6。记录的所有性状（体重增加、发育时间、生长速度、换羽成功率和性能指数）都最好接近该比率，并且在两侧呈“驼峰状”下降。休耕地包含更多的植物，尤其是草，它们既丰富又接近实验室实验记录的最佳蛋白质：碳水化合物比例。当我们调查 O. senegalensis 的丰度和比例时，我们发现它们在休耕地中的数量更多。棕色变形个体，与高密度相关的那些，在休耕地中的比例比绿色个体更多。我们的研究提供的证据表明，营养景观的变化——相对于食草动物的最佳营养平衡——是食草动物种群分布和丰度的关键驱动因素，可用于预测对食草动物物种的自下而上的影响。

更新日期：2019-11-14

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